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    温文杰, 张建军, 李依璇, 黄小清, 贺佩. 径流含沙量测定方法研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(11): 155-162. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180246
    引用本文: 温文杰, 张建军, 李依璇, 黄小清, 贺佩. 径流含沙量测定方法研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(11): 155-162. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180246
    Wen Wenjie, Zhang Jianjun, Li Yixuan, Huang Xiaoqing, He Pei. A simple method for estimating runoff sediment concentration[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(11): 155-162. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180246
    Citation: Wen Wenjie, Zhang Jianjun, Li Yixuan, Huang Xiaoqing, He Pei. A simple method for estimating runoff sediment concentration[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(11): 155-162. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180246

    径流含沙量测定方法研究

    A simple method for estimating runoff sediment concentration

    • 摘要:
      目的径流含沙量是水文测验和水土流失监测中必须测定的重要参数,更是衡量水土流失程度的重要指标,简单便捷的径流含沙量测定方法是目前水土保持监测中需要解决的关键问题之一,这对于实现水土流失量的自动监测和预警,及时准确地把握水土流失强度,进而选择合理的水土保持措施,开展水土流失治理均具有重要意义。
      方法本文通过采集国内不同省份的土壤样品,利用室内实验,构建了称重法测定径流含沙量的基本原理,提出了计算含沙量的经验模型,探讨了称重法测定径流含沙量精度的主要因素(泥沙比重、泥水样体积、水温)。
      结果称重法测量径流含沙量的模型精度较高,能满足水土保持监测中径流含沙量测定的精度要求,径流含沙量在5.00 ~ 20.00 g/L时,平均相对误差 < 20.00%;径流含沙量在20.00 ~ 200.00 g/L时,平均相对误差 < 5.00%。泥沙比重对泥沙含量测定结果的影响不显著,可采用水土流失地区表层土壤平均比重(变化范围基本在2.50 ~ 2.70之间),利用称重法模型计算出径流含沙量。泥水样体积的测定误差是影响称重法测量泥沙含量精度的关键,研制以称重法为基本原理的径流泥沙含量自动监测仪器时,准确测量泥水样的体积最为关键。温度对称重法测量径流含沙量的精度影响很小(P > 0.05)。
      结论称重法操作简单,精度高,在水土流失自动监测领域具有良好的应用前景。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveRunoff sediment concentration is an important variable in monitoring hydrological processes and quantifying soil erosion. Methodological improvements in measuring sediment concentration are critical to the automatic, efficient and accurate estimation of soil losses, and could also guide soil and water conservation practices.
      MethodWe collected and analyzed soil samples from different provinces in China, and developed a weighing-based empirical model for estimating sediment concentration. We also investigated factors(specific gravity of sediment, volume of sample, water temperature)which may influence the accuracy of the method.
      ResultThe results showed that measured data agreed well with true values, and the method for estimating sediment concentration was accurate enough for practical use. When the sediment concentration was between 5 g/L and 20 g/L, the average relative error is less than 20%; when the sediment concentration was between 20 g/L and 200 g/L, the average relative error is less than 5%. Both specific gravity of sediment and temperature (P > 0.05) had no significant effect on the accuracy of the method, it is therefore reasonable to use the average specific gravity of the top-layer soil in the calculations, and the range of variation was between 2.50 and 2.70. However, the accuracy was significantly influenced by the measurement of the sample’s volume, how to accurately measure the volume of sample is the key to invent automatic monitoring machine for estimating sediment concentration in surface runoff.
      ConclusionThe weighing method has simple operation and high accuracy. It has a good application prospect in the study of inventing automatic monitoring machine for estimating sediment concentration in surface runoff.

       

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