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    蔡怡然, 刘阳, 李柳意, 梁淑榆, 郑曦. 人居环境安全视角下的北京市浅山区泥石流防灾林规划研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2021, 43(6): 130-140. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200207
    引用本文: 蔡怡然, 刘阳, 李柳意, 梁淑榆, 郑曦. 人居环境安全视角下的北京市浅山区泥石流防灾林规划研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2021, 43(6): 130-140. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200207
    Cai Yiran, Liu Yang, Li Liuyi, Liang Shuyu, Zheng Xi. Planning of debris flow prevention forest in shallow mountain area of Beijing from the perspective of human settlement environment safety[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2021, 43(6): 130-140. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200207
    Citation: Cai Yiran, Liu Yang, Li Liuyi, Liang Shuyu, Zheng Xi. Planning of debris flow prevention forest in shallow mountain area of Beijing from the perspective of human settlement environment safety[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2021, 43(6): 130-140. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200207

    人居环境安全视角下的北京市浅山区泥石流防灾林规划研究

    Planning of debris flow prevention forest in shallow mountain area of Beijing from the perspective of human settlement environment safety

    • 摘要:
        目的  城市边缘的浅山区是人类生产生活与自然生境的交接缓冲区,也是人居环境面对泥石流等自然灾害风险脆弱性较高的区域。相比通过工程方法降低浅山区中自然灾害威胁,防灾林选址规划作为基于生态系统的方法,可以恢复健康的生态系统,提供多样的生态系统服务并有效降低灾害风险,提高人居环境对自然灾害的抵抗力与适应力。
        方法  本研究提出一种人居环境安全视角下的泥石流防灾林造林选址评价体系,并评估规划的防灾林对降低人居环境中泥石流风险的有效性。基于多准则决策法(AHP),将基于最大熵模型(MaxEnt)的泥石流敏感性预测结果作为泥石流风险因子,识别具有降低泥石流灾害发生概率的泥石流流域内适宜造林位置作为环境因子,同时结合造林可行性因子,叠加3类因子分析出高风险且高适宜的造林区域。通过对比造林前后泥石流敏感性与人居点危险性评价造林的减灾效益,指导北京市浅山区泥石流防灾林造林选址。
        结果  研究选取了118.50 km2的造林区域,主要分布在密云水库周边地区、怀柔区、昌平区以及房山区,呈现以零散斑块形态分布在人居点上游的特征。造林后泥石流易发区面积减少了117.45 km2,位于泥石流易发区的人居点个数减少了51个。
        结论  本研究构建了提升人居环境泥石流抵抗力的防灾林造林选址评价体系,通过基于自然系统的方法降低山区自然灾害风险,提升浅山区人居环境质量,保障生态系统健康与人居环境安全,并为北京市百万亩造林计划提供理论依据。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  The shallow mountain area on the edge of city is the buffer zone where human production and living meet the natural habitat. It is also an area where the human settlement environment is more vulnerable to natural disaster risks such as debris flows. Compared with reducing the threat of natural disasters in shallow mountain areas through engineering methods, disaster prevention forest site planning as an ecosystem-based approach, can restore healthy ecosystem, provide diverse ecosystem services, and effectively reduce the risk of natural disasters, so as to improve the resistance and adaptability of human settlements to natural disasters.
        Method  This study proposed a site selection system of debris flow disaster prevention forest from the perspective of human settlement safety, and evaluated the effectiveness of planned disaster prevention forest to reduce the risk of debris flow in human settlements. Based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the susceptibility prediction of debris flow based on maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was taken as debris flow risk factor, and suitability of afforestation locations in the debris flow basin that reduce the probability of debris flow disasters was taken as environmental factor for afforestation, and combined with afforestation feasibility factor, three kinds of factors were superimposed to analyze the areas with high debris flow risk and suitable for afforestation. The susceptibility of debris flow and the risk of human settlements before and after afforestation were evaluated to assess the disaster reduction benefits of afforestation, and to guide the afforestation site selection of debris flow disaster prevention forest in shallow mountain area of Beijing.
        Result  The study selected 118.50 km2 of afforestation area, mainly distributed in the surrounding areas of Miyun Reservoir and the mountainous areas of Huairou District, Changping District and Fangshan District of Beijing, showing the characteristics of scattered patches distributed in the upstream of human settlements. The area of debris flow high-prone area decreased by 117.45 km2, and the number of settlements in the debris flow high-prone area decreased by 51.
        Conclusion  The purpose of this study is to build a framework for afforestation site selection that enhances resistance to debris flows in human settlements, in order to reduce the risk of natural disasters in mountainous areas through ecosystem-based approach, improve the quality and safety of human settlements, protect the health of ecosystem, and provide a theoretical basis for the Beijing a-Million-Mu Afforestation and Greening Action Plan.

       

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