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    李聪, 陆梅, 任玉连, 杜凡, 陶海, 杨罗平, 王东旭. 文山典型亚热带森林土壤氮组分的海拔分布及其影响因子[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(12): 63-73. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200252
    引用本文: 李聪, 陆梅, 任玉连, 杜凡, 陶海, 杨罗平, 王东旭. 文山典型亚热带森林土壤氮组分的海拔分布及其影响因子[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(12): 63-73. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200252
    Li Cong, Lu Mei, Ren Yulian, Du Fan, Tao Hai, Yang Luoping, Wang Dongxu. Distribution of soil nitrogen components of Wenshan typical subtropical forests along an altitude gradient and its influencing factors in Yunnan Province of southwestern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(12): 63-73. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200252
    Citation: Li Cong, Lu Mei, Ren Yulian, Du Fan, Tao Hai, Yang Luoping, Wang Dongxu. Distribution of soil nitrogen components of Wenshan typical subtropical forests along an altitude gradient and its influencing factors in Yunnan Province of southwestern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(12): 63-73. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200252

    文山典型亚热带森林土壤氮组分的海拔分布及其影响因子

    Distribution of soil nitrogen components of Wenshan typical subtropical forests along an altitude gradient and its influencing factors in Yunnan Province of southwestern China

    • 摘要:
        目的  探究文山自然保护区不同海拔典型植被类型土壤氮组分沿海拔梯度的变化特征,及其与环境因子的耦合关系,以期为保护区土壤质量评估提供科学依据和参考资料。
        方法  以文山自然保护区不同海拔3种典型亚热带森林为研究对象,采用主成分分析法,解析环境因子沿海拔变化对氮组分的影响。
        结果  (1)土壤全氮、水解性氮、铵态氮和硝态氮沿海拔上升呈显著增加趋势(P < 0.05),均在中山湿性常绿阔叶林达到峰值,其中全氮与水解氮增幅较大,分别增加了1.17 g/kg和142.05 mg/kg。(2)土壤氮各组分占比随海拔呈现不同的变化规律。相较于最低海拔亚热带季风常绿阔叶林,高海拔中山湿性常绿阔叶林水解性氮和硝态氮的占氮比分别减小了9.1%和0.26%,铵态氮占氮比则增加了0.61%。(3)环境因子沿海拔梯度呈现显著不同变化。凋落物厚度、土壤水分、养分(总有机碳、速效磷和速效钾)沿海拔上升总体呈增加趋势,而植物群落多样性和土壤温度呈减小趋势。(4)主成分分析表明,凋落物厚度和土壤总有机碳沿海拔梯度增加是决定全氮积累的主要因子,植被多样性和土壤密度的降低是影响全氮的另一个重要因素;土壤水分随海拔的增加是无机氮积累的主控因子,土壤速效磷和速效钾变化是影响水解氮的主要因素。
        结论  文山土壤氮各组分能够敏感响应海拔引起的环境梯度变化,海拔通过改变凋落物输入、微气候(水热条件)、土壤坚实度(土壤密度)及土壤养分状况(如总有机碳、速效磷和速效钾)调控土壤微生物的活性和底物利用率,进而影响氮组分的变化。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  The paper is aimed to explore the variations in soil nitrogen pools along an altitude gradient and its coupling relationship with environmental factors in the Wenshan Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province of southwestern China, and provide scientific basis and references for the assessment of soil quality in the reserve.
        Method  Three typical vegetation types were selected to investigate the variation of soil nitrogen components along the altitude gradient in Wenshan Nature Reserve. The association of soil nitrogen components to environmental factors was analyzed through principal component analysis.
        Result  (1) Total nitrogen, hydrolyzable nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen increased significantly along an altitude gradient (P < 0.05), with the maximum occurred in mid-mountain humid evergreen broadleaved forest. In particular, total nitrogen and hydrolyzable nitrogen increased by 1.17 g/kg and 142.05 mg/kg, respectively. (2) The ratio of soil nitrogen components to total nitrogen pool varied with altitudes. Compared with the subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest at the lowest altitude, the ratio of hydrolyzable nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen decreased by 9.1% and 0.26%, while that of ammonium nitrogen increased by 0.61% in mid-mountain humid evergreen broadleaved forest at the highest altitude. (3) The environmental factors changed significantly along an altitude gradient. Along the altitude gradient, litter thickness, soil moisture and nutrients (i.e. total organic carbon, available phosphorus and available potassium) increased, while plant diversity and soil temperature decreased. (4) Principal component analysis showed that the increases in litter thickness and soil total organic carbon along the altitude gradient were the main factors determining the accumulation of total nitrogen, while the reduction of plant diversity and soil bulk density contributed mainly to increase in total nitrogen. The increase of soil moisture along the altitude gradient was the main factors for accumulating inorganic nitrogen, whereas the change of soil available phosphorus and potassium had main contribution to accumulating hydrolyzable nitrogen.
        Conclusion  Soil nitrogen is sensitive to the changes of environment along an altitude gradient in Wenshan Nature Reserve. Altitude gradient mainly affects litter input, microclimate (hydrothermal conditions), soil firmness (soil bulk density) and soil nutrients (e.g. total organic carbon, available phosphorus and available potassium), and then indirectly or directly regulates the changes of nitrogen composition.

       

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