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    郭璇, 朱济友, 徐程扬, 李夏榕, 韦柳端. 类型与结构对北京市居住区宅旁绿色空间质量的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2022, 44(5): 55-68. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200382
    引用本文: 郭璇, 朱济友, 徐程扬, 李夏榕, 韦柳端. 类型与结构对北京市居住区宅旁绿色空间质量的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2022, 44(5): 55-68. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200382
    Guo Xuan, Zhu Jiyou, Xu Chengyang, Li Xiarong, Wei Liuduan. Influence of type and structure on the quality of green space next to houses in residential areas of Beijing[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44(5): 55-68. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200382
    Citation: Guo Xuan, Zhu Jiyou, Xu Chengyang, Li Xiarong, Wei Liuduan. Influence of type and structure on the quality of green space next to houses in residential areas of Beijing[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44(5): 55-68. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200382

    类型与结构对北京市居住区宅旁绿色空间质量的影响

    Influence of type and structure on the quality of green space next to houses in residential areas of Beijing

    • 摘要:
        目的  居住区宅旁绿色空间是最接近居民生活并为居民所使用的绿色空间,既有生态美学价值和保健功能,又能对住宅的低层住户空间起到遮蔽作用,具有一定的安全性。本研究通过构建城市居住区宅旁绿色空间质量评价指标,分析建成年代和空间类型对宅旁绿色空间质量的影响,旨在为未来科学建设居住区宅旁绿色空间提供理论支撑。
        方法  以北京市不同建成年代的居住区宅旁绿色空间为研究对象,从宅旁绿化空间树种组成、空间结构、美学特性、保健功能4方面,构建居住区宅旁绿色空间质量评价指标。通过简相关分析,从15个指标中筛选出9个用于质量评价的主要指标,并通过主成分分析降维构建3个质量评价指数,并确定各指数和指标的权重,进一步通过指数综合得分与所筛选指标间的关系对不同建成年代的居住区宅旁绿色空间质量进行分析。
        结果  (1)居住区宅旁绿色空间质量受结构、树种组成、美学效果3个主成分影响,各成分对其空间质量的影响程度依次为30.34%、24.27%、22.26%。(2)中间型居住区的绿色空间综合得分分别高于新建型居住区和老旧型居住区1.60%和8.34%,但建设时间对居住区宅旁绿色空间质量的影响在统计学上未达显著水平。(3)绿色空间类型对宅旁绿色空间质量有极显著的影响,综合得分由高到低依次为宅间组合式、自然群落式、规则成林式、宅旁紧贴式。(4)空间尺度及植物配置方式的不同是造成绿色空间类型间质量差异的主要原因。
        结论  类型和结构对居住区宅旁绿色空间质量有显著影响,居住区建成年代对其质量无显著影响。宅旁绿色空间质量主要取决于绿色空间结构、空间协调度和视觉质量。植物视线遮蔽度、相对空间垂直绿量对绿色空间结构质量的贡献较大;色彩丰富度、树种多样性对宅旁绿色空间质量有正向促进作用;植被与建筑空间协调度在一定范围内对绿色空间质量有积极影响。在设计与建设居住区宅旁绿色空间时,应重点考虑宅间组合式、自然群落式、规则成林式的空间类型,少用或不用宅旁紧贴式。在住宅建筑高度一定的情况下,适当扩大宅旁绿色空间的宽度,保证空间协调度处于较好水平,并采用乔−灌−草近自然复层种植结构,合理分配乔木、灌木数量比例,在满足空间结构、功能的基础上,兼具视觉美感与景观效应。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  The green space next to the residence in the residential area is the green space closest to the residents’ life and used by the residents. It not only has ecological aesthetic value and health care function, but also can shield the low-rise residents’ space of the residence, and has certain safety. By constructing the quality evaluation index of green space beside urban residential area buildings, this study analyzed the influence of construction ages and green space types on the quality of green space beside residential buildings, aiming to provide theoretical support for the scientific construction of green space beside residential area buildings in the future.
        Method  Taking green space beside residential area buildings with different construction ages in Beijing as the research object, the indicator system for quality evaluation of green space beside residential buildings was selected, and the indicator system was composed with tree species composition, spatial structure, aesthetic characteristics and plant health function. 9 of indicators were screened from 15 of primary indicators by correlation analysis. Three indices were constructed by dimensionality reduction using principal component analysis, and weights of the indices and indicators were determined by principal component analysis. Furthermore, the quality of green space beside residential area buildings in different construction ages was analyzed through the relationship between the index composite score and the selected indicators.
        Result  (1) The quality of green space beside residential buildings was dominantly influenced by three main components, which were the three indices consisting of structure, tree species composition and aesthetics effect. And the influence degree of each index on spatial quality of the green space was 30.34%, 24.27% and 22.26%, respectively. (2) The integrated score of green space in intermediate residential areas was 1.60% and 8.34% higher than that of new residential area and old residential area, respectively, but the built ages of the residential areas had no significant effect on the quality of green space beside residential buildings. (3) The quality of green space beside buildings was significantly affected by green space type, and the integrated score from high to low was the combination between house pattern, natural community pattern, regular forest pattern and close-to-houses pattern. (4) The differences of spatial scale and plant configuration were main reasons for the quality difference among green space types.
        Conclusion  The quality of green space beside residential area buildings is significantly affected by the type and structure, while it is not affected by the construction ages of the residential areas. The dominant factors which affect the quality of green space beside residential buildings are green space structure, spatial coordination degree and visual quality. Screened degree of view by plants and relative vertical green volume contribute greatly to the quality of green spatial structure; color richness and tree species diversity have positive effect on the quality of green space beside residential buildings; spatial coordination degree between vegetation and building has a positive impact on the green space quality within a certain range. Therefore, in the design and construction of residential green space, we should focus on the combination of buildings, natural group, regular forest of space types, less use or not close to the house. If the height of the residential building is certain, the width of the green space beside the house should be expanded appropriately, so as to ensure that the degree of space coordination is at a better level. What’s more, the proportion of the number of trees and shrubs is reasonably distributed in the near-natural composite planting structure, and on the basis of satisfying the spatial structure and function, it has both visual aesthetic feeling and landscape effect.

       

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