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    樊晓芸, 郭素娟, 李艳华. 不同生态区域板栗品质差异性分析及气候适应性评价[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2022, 44(11): 20-30. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210289
    引用本文: 樊晓芸, 郭素娟, 李艳华. 不同生态区域板栗品质差异性分析及气候适应性评价[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2022, 44(11): 20-30. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210289
    Fan Xiaoyun, Guo Sujuan, Li Yanhua. Quality difference analysis and climate adaptability evaluation of Chinese chestnut in different ecological regions[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44(11): 20-30. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210289
    Citation: Fan Xiaoyun, Guo Sujuan, Li Yanhua. Quality difference analysis and climate adaptability evaluation of Chinese chestnut in different ecological regions[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44(11): 20-30. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210289

    不同生态区域板栗品质差异性分析及气候适应性评价

    Quality difference analysis and climate adaptability evaluation of Chinese chestnut in different ecological regions

    • 摘要:
        目的  筛选影响板栗品质的关键气候因子,进行不同生态区域板栗气候适应性评价及其适宜性种植区划,为板栗引种以及科学种植提供理论依据。
        方法  以我国不同生态区域(黄淮海、西北、长江中下游、西南等4大区域)105个板栗品种(含优系)为研究对象,对其坚果单粒质量、果形指数等表型性状和可溶性糖、淀粉、蛋白质等内在品质进行差异性分析,选择4大区域中24个板栗主栽区的12个气候因子进行主成分分析,筛选与板栗品质形成最密切的气候因子,通过逐步回归构建板栗气候品质评价模型;利用气候适应性指数(CAI)对板栗进行气候适应性评价和适宜性分区。
        结果  (1)不同生态区域板栗表型性状和内在品质均存在显著差异性。长江中下游地区单粒质量和果形指数均显著高于其他地区,黄淮海地区可溶性糖最高,支链淀粉/直链淀粉比值最大。(2)影响板栗坚果品质的主要气候因子为热量因子,其次为光照因子和水分因子。单粒质量与年平均温度和生长季降水量呈显著正相关,与生长季温差呈显著负相关;果形指数与年平均温度和生长季平均温度均呈显著负相关;含水量与生长季降水量呈极显著正相关;可溶性糖与生长季温差和生长季日照时数均呈极显著正相关,与生长季降水量呈不显著负相关;支链淀粉/直链淀粉比值与生长季平均温度和生长季温差均呈极显著正相关;蛋白质与年平均温度呈显著正相关,与年日照时数和生长季日照时数均呈负相关,与生长季降水量呈不显著负相关。(3)根据CAI,4大区域中24个板栗主栽区可划分为最适宜区、较适宜区和适宜区。黄淮海北部区域CAI值达到0.90 ~ 0.96,为最适宜区;黄淮海东部、西北和西南区域CAI值为0.81 ~ 0.89,属较适宜区;而长江中下游区域CAI值最低,为0.71 ~ 0.77,属适宜区。
        结论  生长季温差大、平均温度高、日照时数长的气候条件有利于板栗坚果甜、糯品质的形成。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  This paper aims to screen the key climate factors affecting the quality of chestnut, to evaluate the climate adaptability of chestnut in different ecological regions and its suitable planting regionalization, and also to provide theoretical basis for the introduction and scientific planting of chestnut.
        Method  105 Chinese chestnut varieties (including superior lines) from 4 ecological regions in China (the Huanghuaihai, the Northwest, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Southwest) were taken as the research objects. The differences of phenotypic traits such as single nut mass, fruit shape index, and the internal qualities such as soluble sugar, starch, and protein were analyzed. 12 climate factors from 24 main Chinese chestnut planting areas in the 4 regions were selected for principal component analysis to screen the climate factors that are most closely related to the formation of Chinese chestnut quality. The climate quality evaluation model of Chinese chestnut was constructed by stepwise regression. Climate adaptability index (CAI) was used to evaluate the climate adaptability of Chinese chestnut.
        Result  (1) There were significant differences in phenotypic traits and intrinsic qualities of chestnut in different ecological regions. The single grain mass and fruit shape index in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were significantly higher than those in other regions. The soluble sugar and amylopectin/amylose ratio were the highest in the Huanghuaihai region. (2) The main climate factors affecting the quality of chestnut nuts were heat factor, followed by light factor and water factor. There was a significantly positive correlation between single grain mass and annual mean temperature and growing season precipitation, a significantly negative correlation between single grain mass and temperature difference, and a significantly negative correlation between fruit shape index and temperature. There were significant positive correlations between water content and annual precipitation, average temperature in growing season and precipitation in growing season. Soluble sugar had significantly positive correlation with annual sunshine duration, temperature difference in growing season and sunshine duration in growing season. Amylopectin/amylose ratio was significantly positively correlated with sunshine duration, average temperature, temperature difference and sunshine duration in growing season. Protein was positively correlated with annual mean temperature, and negatively correlated with annual sunshine hours and growing season sunshine hours. (3) According to CAI, 24 main planting areas of Chinese chestnut in the four regions can be divided into the most suitable area, the more suitable area and the suitable area. The CAI value of the northern Huanghuaihai area reached 0.90−0.96, which was the most suitable area; the CAI value of the east, northwest and southwest of the Huanghuaihai area was 0.81−0.89, which was a suitable area; the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River had the lowest CAI value, 0.71−0.77, which was suitable for the region.
        Conclusion  The climatic conditions of large temperature difference, high average temperature, long sunshine hours in the growing season are favorable for the formation of sweet and waxy quality of chestnut nuts.

       

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