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    彭林, 周浩宇, 张厚江, 宗圆圆, 王皓宇, 麻润杰, 石金山. 金中都水关遗址木结构无损检测与评估[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2022, 44(11): 140-151. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220251
    引用本文: 彭林, 周浩宇, 张厚江, 宗圆圆, 王皓宇, 麻润杰, 石金山. 金中都水关遗址木结构无损检测与评估[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2022, 44(11): 140-151. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220251
    Peng Lin, Zhou Haoyu, Zhang Houjiang, Zong Yuanyuan, Wang Haoyu, Ma Runjie, Shi Jinshan. Nondestructive testing and condition assessment of the wooden structures of Jinzhongdu Watergate Site[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44(11): 140-151. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220251
    Citation: Peng Lin, Zhou Haoyu, Zhang Houjiang, Zong Yuanyuan, Wang Haoyu, Ma Runjie, Shi Jinshan. Nondestructive testing and condition assessment of the wooden structures of Jinzhongdu Watergate Site[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44(11): 140-151. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220251

    金中都水关遗址木结构无损检测与评估

    Nondestructive testing and condition assessment of the wooden structures of Jinzhongdu Watergate Site

    • 摘要:
        目的  金中都水关遗址有约870年的历史,是金中都现存最大的遗址。其中木结构作为遗址的基础和主体,在整个水关结构中起到了重要的作用。探明水关遗址木结构的详细组成,无损检测和评估木构件的缺陷状况,旨在为金中都水关遗址修缮、保护提供依据,为同类型的地下木结构的无损检测和评估提供借鉴。
        方法  首先对木结构现场进行勘测、校对,获得擗石桩、基础木桩、衬石枋3类木构件的典型尺寸、位置、数目及相互关联等信息,还原水关木结构模型;其次,根据3类木构件各自特征,以其中的236根木构件为对象,进行现场检测和实验室分析,包括敲击、尺寸测量、含水率测量、微钻阻力检测和树种鉴定等;最后,汇总现场检测和实验室分析所获得的信息,对被测木构件状况给予分等,并归纳木构件腐朽缺陷存在规律。
        结果  重构了金中都水关遗址木结构三维模型,发现木结构应当由204根擗石桩、771根基础木桩、92根衬石枋组成;遗址木构件主要缺陷形式为腐朽及腐朽导致的材料缺失,次要形式为裂纹;从单根木构件来讲,地面以上部分腐朽程度相对较轻,而地面以下部分腐朽程度相对严重;遗址木构件树种以落叶松为主,樟子松为辅。
        结论  金中都水关遗址木结构整体状况较差,未发现状况良好的A等木构件。在3类木构件中,擗石桩的整体状况相对最好,基础木桩的整体状况相对最差。实践证明,对水关遗址木构件的缺陷状况,综合利用敲击、尺寸测量、含水率测量和微钻阻力检测等进行检测、评估是可行的。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  With a history of about 870 years, the Jinzhongdu Watergate Site is the largest surviving site of the Jinzhongdu. The wooden structure, as the foundation and main body of the site, plays an important role in the whole watergate structure. The researchers explored the detailed composition of the wooden structure of the watergate site, conducted nondestructive inspection and assessed the defective condition of the wooden components, with the aim of providing a basis for the repair and conservation of the Jinzhongdu Watergate Site, as well as providing a reference for nondestructive inspection and assessment of underground wooden structures of the same type.
        Method  Firstly, the researchers surveyed and calibrated the wooden structure site, and received the typical size, location, amount and interconnection information of the three types of wooden components, including stone fixed timber pile, foundation timber pile and stone lined square. The wooden structure model of the watergate was also restored. Secondly, according to the respective characteristics of the three types of wooden components, the researchers took 236 such woods as examples and conducted on-site testing and laboratory analysis, including knockdown, dimensional measurement, moisture content measurement, micro-drilling resistance testing and tree species identification. Finally, the information from the on-site inspection and laboratory analysis would be summarized, as well as the grades of the condition of the tested wooden components, and the laws of decay defects of wooden components.
        Result  A three-dimensional model of the wooden structure of the Jinzhongdu Watergate Site was reconstructed, and it was concluded that its wooden structure was supposed to be composed of 204 stone fixed timber piles, 771 foundation timber piles and 92 stone lined squares. The main defects of the wooden components of the site were decay and the lack of material caused by decay, and the secondary one was cracked. In terms of single wood members, the decay of overground part was comparatively light, while the decay of the underground part was comparatively serious. The species of wood members at the site were mainly Larix principis-rupprechtii, mixed with Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica.
        Conclusion  The overall condition of the wooden structure of the Jinzhongdu Watergate Site was destructive, and no A-class wooden components in good condition were found. Among the three types of wooden components, the overall condition of the stone fixed timber piles is relatively the best, while the overall condition of the foundation timber piles is relatively the worst. The practice has proved that it is feasible to detect and evaluate the defects of the wooden components of Shuiguan Site by comprehensively using percussion, size measurement, moisture content measurement and micro drilling resistance detection.

       

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