Abstract: This paper deals with the indigenous tree peony (Paeonia sect. Moutan) species used for landscape and edible seed oil, propagation and silviculture techniques. The plants of Paeonia ostii var. lishizhenii and P. rockii have strong drought resistance with the key genes, DREB2A, WRKY and XET, while P. ostii var. lishizhenii is wider adaptability and distribution. Tree peony seed oils from 5 tree peonies and 2 pregnancies of one herb peony (P. lactiflora) were more than 84% in unsaturated fatty acid contents. α- linolenic acid contents in P. ostii var. lishizhenii, P. rockii, P. suffruticosa and P. decomposita, and oleic acid in P. decomposita were more than 40%, respectively. The food safety and hygiene indexes for all of the seed oils meet the national food safety and hygiene standards. P. ostii var. lishizhenii seed development was divided into three different stages according to transcriptome gene difference expressions, i.e. mitosis, cell expansion and matter accumulation, and mature periods. SAD, FAD2/FAD6 and FAD3 were key genes for α- linolenic acid synthesis. The P. ostii var. lishizhenii propagation techniques, afforestation measurements and management policies for landscape and seed oil industry were suggested and as references for other tree peonies in practicals.