中国原生种石斛兰的育种价值分析

郑宝强; 朱胜蕾; 李奎; 缪崑; 王雁

doi:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170341

中国原生种石斛兰的育种价值分析

Analysis on breeding value of native Dendrobium species in China

摘要

摘要:
目的育种亲本的遗传信息研究对杂交育种有着非常重要的指导作用。石斛兰属的杂交育种已有150多年的历史，目前在英国皇家园艺协会(RHS)登录数为13 098个。通过分析不同石斛兰的遗传特性以及不同组之间的杂交亲和关系，探寻我国石斛兰原生种的育种价值与育种潜力，为今后亲本的选配及避免育种时的盲目性提供参考，为培育具有市场潜力的石斛兰新品种奠定基础。
方法本文对石斛兰的资源状况、育种历史进行了综述，利用英国皇家园艺协会兰花登录网站及OrchidWiz软件对我国原产的分属于13个组的80种石斛兰参与的育种过程进行系谱检索。
结果模式组、灯笼组、黑毛组和寡花组是育种常用组，其中模式组的骨干亲本是金钗石斛、细茎石斛、尖刀唇石斛和麝香石斛5个种，灯笼组的骨干亲本是鼓槌石斛、聚石斛、密花石斛、球花石斛和小黄花石斛5个种，黑毛组的骨干亲本是高山石斛、矮石斛、喉红石斛、翅梗石斛和翅萼石斛5个种，寡花组的骨干亲本是短棒石斛和丽石斛2个种。
结论必须加强对我国石斛兰种质资源的保护，充分开发和利用优良的原生种质资源，根据不同的市场需求制定不同的育种目标，利用优良亲本进行杂交并开展组间杂交培育新的石斛兰盆栽和切花品种。

Abstract:
ObjectiveThe research on genetic information of crossing parents plays a guiding role in crossbreeding. Hybridization of Dendrobium had been performed for more than 150 years and 13 098 hybrids had been registered in Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) until September, 2017. By analyzing the relationships of cross-compatibility among different sections, this paper is to explore the breeding potential of native species, which would provide references for the selections of parents in Dendrobium breeding.
MethodIn this work, the resource status and breeding history progress of Dendrobium were reviewed. By inquiring the website of orchid registration which belongs to RHS and using the software of OrchidWiz, a pedigree analysis of the breeding process was made at the base of analyzing 80 species of Dendrobium which belonging to 13 sections in China.
ResultThe results indicated that Sect. Dendrobium, Sect. Callista, Sect. Formosae and Sect. Holochrysa were widely used in Dendrobium breeding. The backbone parents in Sect. Dendrobium were D. nobile, D. moniliforme, D. heterocarpum and D. parishii, in Sect. Callista were D. chrysotoxum, D. lindleyi, D. densiflorum, D. thyrsiflorum and D. jenkinsii, in Sect. Formosae were D. infundibulum, D. bellatulum, D. christyanum, D. trigonopus and D. cariniferum, in Sect. Holochrysa were D.capillipes and D. pulchellum.
ConclusionBased on strengthening the protection of native Dendrobium resources, we must fully develop and utilize excellent resources. In the meantime, according to different market demand, the excellent parents were crossbreed combined with intersection hybridization to cultivate excellent potted and cut Dendrobiums cultivars.

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