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    陆梅, 孙向阳, 田昆, 任玉连, 王邵军, 王行, 彭淑娴. 纳帕海高原湿地不同退化阶段土壤真菌群落结构特征[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2018, 40(3): 55-65. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170424
    引用本文: 陆梅, 孙向阳, 田昆, 任玉连, 王邵军, 王行, 彭淑娴. 纳帕海高原湿地不同退化阶段土壤真菌群落结构特征[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2018, 40(3): 55-65. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170424
    Lu Mei, Sun Xiangyang, Tian Kun, Ren Yulian, Wang Shaojun, Wang Hang, Peng Shuxian. Characteristics of soil fungal community structure at different degraded stages in Napahai Plateau Wetland of northwestern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2018, 40(3): 55-65. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170424
    Citation: Lu Mei, Sun Xiangyang, Tian Kun, Ren Yulian, Wang Shaojun, Wang Hang, Peng Shuxian. Characteristics of soil fungal community structure at different degraded stages in Napahai Plateau Wetland of northwestern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2018, 40(3): 55-65. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170424

    纳帕海高原湿地不同退化阶段土壤真菌群落结构特征

    Characteristics of soil fungal community structure at different degraded stages in Napahai Plateau Wetland of northwestern China

    • 摘要:
      目的为探讨纳帕海高原湿地不同退化阶段土壤真菌多样性及群落结构特征,揭示土壤真菌对湿地退化演替的响应规律。
      方法采用Illumina高通量测序技术,以沼泽湿地为对照,研究纳帕海高原退化湿地不同退化阶段土壤真菌群落组成、结构及Alpha多样性特征及其与土壤理化性质的相关性。
      结果(1) 不同退化阶段土壤真菌类群组成及结构存在差异,包括子囊菌门、担子菌门、分类地位不确定真菌、壶菌门和接合菌门5个真菌门,其中子囊菌门在草甸中最多(71.11%),分类地位不确定真菌在沼泽湿地中最多(85.26%),担子菌门在沼泽化草甸中最多(26.8%),接合菌门在垦后湿地中最多(39.34%)。经聚类分析显示,沼泽化草甸和沼泽湿地真菌群落结构和组成较接近,草甸和垦后湿地真菌群落结构和组成与沼泽差异较大。湿地从沼泽湿地向沼泽化草甸、草甸和垦后湿地退化后,主要优势菌群发生变化,由分类地位不确定菌群转变为子囊菌、担子菌和接合菌;(2)土壤真菌Alpha多样性在不同退化阶段间存在差异(P < 0.05),且随着湿地退化加剧而增加,多样性指数(Chao1、Ace、Shannon)呈垦后湿地(671.43、685.84、3.93) > 草甸(522.25、534.22、3.58) > 沼泽化草甸(387.80、391.37、3.48) > 沼泽湿地(379.17、380.56、3.12)的变化趋势。Simpson指数呈垦后湿地(0.079) < 草甸(0.081) < 沼泽化草甸(0.092) < 沼泽湿地(0.107)的变化趋势;(3)RDA分析与Pearson相关性分析表明,土壤含水量、有机质、全氮、碳氮比、速效氮和pH显著影响着不同退化阶段湿地土壤真菌群落结构与多样性。
      结论不同退化阶段湿地土壤真菌群落结构和物种多样性具有显著差异,土壤含水量、有机质等理化因子对真菌多样性与群落结构影响较大,研究结果能为退化高原湿地保护与恢复提供数据及理论支持。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the diversity and community structure of soil fungi in different stages of Napahai Plateau Wetland of northwestern China, and reveal the response rule of soil fungi to wetland degradation.
      MethodWe analyzed composition, structure and Alpha diversity of soil fungal community, and relationships between fungal community structure and soil physical and chemical factors at different degradation stages in Napahai Plateau Wetland, by using Illumina high-throughput sequencing techniques and primary swamp as control.
      Result(1) The composition and structure of soil fungal community were different among varied degradation stages. Soil fungi belonged to five fungal groups, including Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, fungi-unclassified and Zygomycota. Among them, Ascomycota had the highest relative abundance in the meadow wetland (71.11%), unclassified fungi had the highest relative abundance in primary swamp (85.26%), Basidiomycota had the highest relative abundance in swamp meadow (26.8%), Zygomycota had the highest relative abundance in the reclaimed wetland (39.34%). The cluster analysis showed that the fungi community structure and composition between the swamp meadow and the primary swamp were similar to each other, while the ones between meadow and reclaimed wetland were significantly different. The main dominant fungal groups changed from fungi-unclassified to Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Zygomycota as degradation changed from primary swamp to swamp meadow, meadow and reclaimed wetland. (2) There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in soil fungal Alpha diversity among different degraded stages, and showing an increasing trend in diversity as degradation aggravated. The order of diversity indices (Chao1, Ace, Shannon) was reclaimed wetland (671.43, 685.84, 3.93) > meadow(522.25, 534.22, 3.58) > swampy meadow(387.80, 391.37, 3.48) > primary swamp(379.17, 380.56, 3.12). The Simpson index presented the trend of reclaimed wetland (0.079) < meadow (0.081) < swampy meadow (0.092) < primary swamp (0.107). (3) RDA and Pearson correlation analyses showed that soil water content, organic matter, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, available nitrogen and pH significantly affected the structure and diversity of soil fungi community at different degradation stages.
      ConclusionThere are significant differences in soil fungal community structure and species diversity in different degradation stages. Physical and chemical factors such as soil water content and organic matter have great influence on the diversity and community structure of fungi. The results can provide data and theoretical support for wetland protection and restoration in degraded plateau.

       

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