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    赵海燕, 魏宁, 孙聪聪, 白宜琳, 郑彩霞. NaCl胁迫对银杏幼树组织解剖结构和光合作用的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2018, 40(11): 28-41. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180258
    引用本文: 赵海燕, 魏宁, 孙聪聪, 白宜琳, 郑彩霞. NaCl胁迫对银杏幼树组织解剖结构和光合作用的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2018, 40(11): 28-41. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180258
    Zhao Haiyan, Wei Ning, Sun Congcong, Bai Yilin, Zheng Caixia. Effects of salt stress on anatomic structure of tissue and photosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba seedlings[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2018, 40(11): 28-41. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180258
    Citation: Zhao Haiyan, Wei Ning, Sun Congcong, Bai Yilin, Zheng Caixia. Effects of salt stress on anatomic structure of tissue and photosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba seedlings[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2018, 40(11): 28-41. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180258

    NaCl胁迫对银杏幼树组织解剖结构和光合作用的影响

    Effects of salt stress on anatomic structure of tissue and photosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba seedlings

    • 摘要:
      目的研究银杏的耐盐生理机制对于选育优良耐盐品种、扩大盐渍化区域种植面积及解决融雪剂等盐分影响生长等问题具有现实意义。
      方法本试验利用条件控制法研究0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0% NaCl处理对3年生银杏幼树生长、组织解剖结构和光合作用的影响,为生产提供依据和指导。
      结果在盐胁迫64 d,0.2%~0.8% NaCl处理组幼树存活率为100%。0.2%处理组株高、地径相对生长量与对照组无显著差异,0.6%~1.0%处理组的生长受到显著抑制(P<0.05),说明该品种幼树可在0.2%盐处理(盆土实测盐含量0.44%)下保持良好长势。从非损伤扫描电镜观测结果发现,叶片下表皮气孔密布、闭合时间和程度不均匀,保卫细胞明显下陷,副卫细胞高高隆起;叶片角质层增厚,叶表面包被一层管状蜡质晶体;茎薄壁细胞中可见大量盐簇晶体,而根和叶柄中则很少见,这些特征表明银杏幼树具有一定耐盐和储盐能力且盐分可能主要储存在茎部。银杏幼树光合作用(净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE))日变化呈双峰型,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈先降后升、气孔限制值(Ls)呈先升后降趋势,且胁迫2 d 0.2%处理组Pn的峰值和谷值分别极显著高于对照组和其他处理组(P<0.01)。随着胁迫时间延长,Pn呈降低趋势,GsCiTr呈先升后降趋势。其中0.2%处理组Pn在胁迫前35 d极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),此后极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),可能是由气孔限制所致。0.4%~1.0%处理组的Pn胁迫期内均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),在胁迫前期(2~7 d)中等浓度(0.4%)处理组Pn降低以气孔限制为主,高浓度(0.6%~1.0%)以非气孔限制为主;而在胁迫1 d和胁迫后期(35 d以后)0.4%~1.0%处理组均以非气孔限制为主,这可能是胁迫当天银杏的应激响应以及高浓度盐使银杏叶肉细胞光合活性下降所致。
      结论银杏具有一定耐盐性, 可在小于0.44% NaCl土壤中种植该品种,且银杏光合参数对盐胁迫较敏感,在生产中可用于监测和评价其耐盐能力。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectivePhysiological mechanism of salt tolerance in Ginkgo biloba is not only helpful to solve the problem that snow melting agent and other salts leading to weakened growth of Ginkgo biloba, but also useful for fine species breeding and plant area enlargement of Ginkgo biloba.
      MethodIn this study, the three-year-old Ginkgo biloba potted seedlings were used as plant material to explore physiological characteristics. By conditional control method, the concentrations of NaCl were set as 0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0%, respectively. The changes of the growth, anatomic structure of tissue, photosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba were observed under NaCl stress.
      ResultThe survival rate was 100% in the 0.2%-0.8% NaCl treated group on the 64th day of salt stress, the relative growth yield of plant height and ground diameter in Ginkgo biloba seedlings under 0.2% NaCl treatment group had no significant difference compared with the control, but they were severely restrained under high concentration of NaCl(0.6%-1.0%)treatment group(P < 0.05). It indicated that Ginkgo biloba seedlings in our study can grow normally when the salt concentration was below 0.44%. From the result of noninvasive scanning electron microscope observation, we found that a great number of pores existed on leave hypodermis, stoma closure time and extent were uneven, the sink of guard cells and the upheaval of subsidiary cells occurred. The leaf cuticle was thickened, and the leaf surface was covered by tubular wax crystal. A great deal of salt cluster crystal was observed in stem parenchymal cell, and little was found in root and stipe, suggesting that the Ginkgo biloba seedlings had certain ability of salt reservation in stem. These anatomical characteristics of Ginkgo biloba seedlings were related to their salt tolerance. The diurnal variations of photosynthesis(PnGsTr、WUE)in the treatment group showed bimodal curves, Ci showed fall-rise and Ls showed rise-fall trend, respectively. The peak and valley values of Pn in the 0.2% treatment group were very significantly higher than other groups(P < 0.01). With the increase of treatment time, value of Pn decreased, while the values of GsCiTr showed rise-fall trends. The Pn of the 0.2% treatment group was very significantly higher than the other groups before the processing of the former 35 days(P < 0.01), while lower than the other groups after that(P < 0.01), these could be resulted from stomatal limitation. The Pn of the 0.4%-1.0% treatment groups was very significantly lower than the control during the whole processing of salt(P < 0.01), and the decrease of Pn value in medium concentration(0.4%)treatment group was mainly resulted from stomatal limitation before the processing of the former 2-7 days, while that in the higher concentration(0.6%-1.0%)treatment group was mainly resulted from non-stomatal limitation in the same period, the decrease of Pn value in 0.4%-1.0% treatment groups was mainly resulted from non-stomatal limitation on the first day and in the lately stages of processing (the 35th day of stress), putatively resulting from emergency response of Ginkgo biloba and decrease of photosynthetic activity in high concentration in mesophyll cell.
      ConclusionIt can be seen that this Ginkgo biloba species has certain salt tolerance and can be planted under 0.44% NaCl in soil. Photosynthesis parameters are sensitive to salt stress, and this can be useful to monitor and estimate salinity tolerance of Ginkgo biloba.

       

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