Abstract: In this paper, the woody biomass as raw materials was used to prepare the liquefied wooden activated carbon fibers through liquefaction,spinning,curing,carbonization and activation processes. On this basis, some methods, such as pore structure adjustment, surface modification and ionization, modified these activated carbon fibers to prepare functional activated carbon fibers. Moreover, activation and functionalization effects to carbon fibers were also examined, mainly including carbon fibers’crystalstucture, surface oxygen group, pore stucture, surface morphology, adsorbent and physical performance, as well as their environmental and antibacterial performance. On the basis of systemically analysis and introduction about these activation and functionalization of wooden carbon fiber materials, some problems in this research field were presented. This study makes use of wood as raw materials to replace oil and other fossil resources, so it provides a new functional carbon materials for future study.