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    王博, 韩树文, 武英达, 牛树奎, 刘晓东. 辽河源自然保护区油松林火烧迹地林木更新研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(4): 41-50. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190315
    引用本文: 王博, 韩树文, 武英达, 牛树奎, 刘晓东. 辽河源自然保护区油松林火烧迹地林木更新研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(4): 41-50. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190315
    Wang Bo, Han Shuwen, Wu Yingda, Niu Shukui, Liu Xiaodong. Forest regeneration of Pinus tabuliformis burned area in Liaoheyuan Nature Reserve of northern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(4): 41-50. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190315
    Citation: Wang Bo, Han Shuwen, Wu Yingda, Niu Shukui, Liu Xiaodong. Forest regeneration of Pinus tabuliformis burned area in Liaoheyuan Nature Reserve of northern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(4): 41-50. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190315

    辽河源自然保护区油松林火烧迹地林木更新研究

    Forest regeneration of Pinus tabuliformis burned area in Liaoheyuan Nature Reserve of northern China

    • 摘要:
      目的从树种组成、密度、生长性状(基径、株高、冠径)、空间分布格局4个方面探讨辽河源自然保护区油松人工林火烧迹地林木更新特征,为火烧迹地植被恢复和森林科学经营管理提供参考。
      方法以保护区内火烧迹地油松林为研究对象,根据重度火烧下不同更新方式(天然更新和人工促进天然更新)、天然更新下不同火烧强度(重度火烧、中度火烧、轻度火烧)和对照(未过火)分别设置3块20 m × 20 m样地,重度火烧下天然更新样地和天然更新下重度火烧样地为相同样地,共15块样地,调查林木更新出现的种类和数量,测量林木更新的基径、株高、冠径,进行每木检尺并记录样地的地理坐标和立地因子等信息。利用单因素方差分析方法分析林木更新密度、生长性状的差异,利用方差/均值法分析林木更新的空间分布格局。
      结果(1)油松林火烧迹地林木更新树种主要是蒙古栎和山杨,分别占所有林木更新的38.1%和42.3%,此外还包括油松、裂叶榆、大果榆、榆树、色木槭等。重度火烧下不同更新方式之间所有林木更新的密度存在显著性差异(P < 0.05),天然更新下不同火烧强度之间所有林木更新的密度不存在显著性差异(P > 0.05)。(2)重度火烧下不同更新方式之间所有林木更新的生长性状特征无显著性差异(P > 0.05),天然更新下不同火烧强度之间所有林木更新的生长性状特征存在极显著性差异(P < 0.01)。(3)油松林火烧迹地林木更新的空间分布格局受到种子来源、种间竞争和火灾后生长空间的影响,适宜的微生境、动物携带种子扩散等因素会促进更新小规模聚集。
      结论火烧后4年的油松林火烧迹地更新树种主要是蒙古栎、山杨,中、低强度地表火可以促进林分天然更新,采取抢救性采伐等管理措施人工促进天然更新,可以加速火烧迹地植被恢复。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveFrom the four aspects of tree species composition, density, growth character (base diameter, plant height, crown diameter) and spatial distribution pattern, the forest characteristics of Pinus tabuliformis plantation in Liaoheyuan Nature Reserve of northern China were discussed, which could provide reference for vegetation restoration and forest management.
      MethodTaking the Pinus tabuliformis plantation in burned area of Liaoheyuan Nature Reserve as research object, three 20 m × 20 m sample plots were set separately according to different renewal methods (natural renewal and artificial promoting natural renewal) under severe fire, different fire intensities (severe fire, moderate fire and light fire) under natural renewal and control (not burned). The natural renewal sample land under severe fire was the same as severe fire land under natural renewal, so there were 15 sample plots in total. We investigated the amount and type of trees after updating, measured the ground diameter, plant height, crown diameter of renewed trees. For each wood gauging sample, we recorded the information such as the geographic coordinates and site factor. Single factor variance analysis was used to analyze the difference of tree regeneration density and growth character, and variance/mean method was used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of tree regeneration.
      Result(1) The tree species of tree regeneration in the burned area of Pinus tabuliformis were mainly Quercus mongolica and Populus davidiana, accounting for 38.1% and 42.3% of all regenerated trees, respectively, also including Pinus tabuliformis, Ulmus laciniata, Ulmus macrocarpa, Ulmus pumila, Acer mono, etc. Under severe fire, there was a significant difference in the density of tree regeneration between different renewal methods (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference in the density of tree regeneration between different fire intensities under natural renewal (P > 0.05). (2) There was no significant difference in the growth traits and characteristics of all tree regeneration in different regeneration modes under severe fire (P > 0.05), there was an extremely significant difference in the growth traits of all tree regeneration under natural renewal with different fire intensities (P < 0.01). (3) The spatial distribution pattern of tree regeneration was affected by fire intensity, regeneration mode and tree species. The factors such as suitable microhabitat, animal carried seed diffusion can promote the small scale aggregation of renewal.
      Conclusion4 years after fire, the regenerated tree species in the burned area of Pinus tabuliformis forest were mainly Quercus mongolica and Populus davidiana. Moderate and low intensity surface fire could promote the natural regeneration of stands. Adopting salvage logging and other management measures to artificially promote natural renewal can speed up the restoration of vegetation in fire area.

       

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