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    何霞, 邓成, 杨嘉麒, 张登, 张梦洁, 廖柏勇, 王芳, 陈晓阳. 苦楝种源间生长性状的早期地理变异分析[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2018, 40(7): 45-54. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170321
    引用本文: 何霞, 邓成, 杨嘉麒, 张登, 张梦洁, 廖柏勇, 王芳, 陈晓阳. 苦楝种源间生长性状的早期地理变异分析[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2018, 40(7): 45-54. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170321
    He Xia, Deng Cheng, Yang Jiaqi, Zhang Deng, Zhang Mengjie, Liao Boyong, Wang Fang, Chen Xiaoyang. Geographic variation of growth traits in early stage for Melia azedarach among different provenances[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2018, 40(7): 45-54. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170321
    Citation: He Xia, Deng Cheng, Yang Jiaqi, Zhang Deng, Zhang Mengjie, Liao Boyong, Wang Fang, Chen Xiaoyang. Geographic variation of growth traits in early stage for Melia azedarach among different provenances[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2018, 40(7): 45-54. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170321

    苦楝种源间生长性状的早期地理变异分析

    Geographic variation of growth traits in early stage for Melia azedarach among different provenances

    • 摘要:
      目的研究苦楝种源间生长性状的差异,揭示其地理变异规律,分析其气候生态学基础,为苦楝种子调拨提供理论依据,为广东省营造苦楝速生用材林提供技术参考。
      方法对15个省(自治区)的62个种源的树高、胸径、枝下高、干型、冠幅等6个性状进行观测统计,采用SPSS 20.0、SAS 9.0、Surfer 13.0与EXCEL 2011等数据分析软件对观测数据进行描述性统计分析、方差分析、Pearson相关分析、典型相关分析与趋势面分析。
      结果大部分苦楝种源在四会试验点的生长表现较好,且各性状在种源内及种源间均存在显著或极显著差异,其中冠幅的变幅最大,优劣单株相差23倍,在主要性状树高与胸径的表现上也分别相差8倍与12倍。苦楝的地理变异受纬度、经度和海拔的多重控制,以纬向变异为主,并具有一定的气候生态学基础,温度是制约苦楝生长的主导因子,光照、降水、气压等气候因子对苦楝各性状也有着不同程度的影响。聚类分析将62个种源分为5类,类别之间差异明显,类别之中符合物候区划。
      结论苦楝在种源间的变异存在明显的地理变异模式,由东向西,由北向南,苦楝的生长量变大,形质表现变佳,随着海拔上升,保存率下降。气候生态学基础则表现为来自极端气温与气压温和、温度高、降水多的种源更具生长优势。纬度是引起温度变化的主要因素,所以纬向变异这一模式与温度随纬度增加而递减这一规律密切相关。本研究后续将对四会种源试验林进行长期跟踪观测,并辅以分子遗传学分析,更全面探索苦楝地理变异规律。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveThis paper aims to provide theoretical basis and technical reference for seed allocation and silviculture of fast growing timber plantation in Melia azedarach. The variance of growth traits among various provenances was estimated. Furthermore, the pattern of geographic variation was studied to reveal the underlying climatic and ecological foundations.
      MethodSix traits, including tree height, DBH, clear bole height, stem form, crown and survival rate of 62 provenances (15 provinces in China), were investigated, and the descriptive statistics analysis, variance analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, canonical correlation analysis and trend surface analysis were performed using SPSS 20.0, SAS 9.0, Surfer 13.0 and EXCEL 2011, respectively.
      ResultThe results showed that most provenances had well growth in Sihui Experimental Site of Southern China, and each trait had significant differences or highly significant differences among intra-provenances and inter-provenances. Tree height and DBH of the best one were 8 and 12 times of the worst one, respectively, and for crown it was 23 times. The geographic variation of Melia azedarach was influenced by multiple factors, including longitude, latitude and altitude, among which latitude plays the major role. The growth of Melia azedarach was mainly regulated by temperature, but also was affected by sunshine, precipitation and air pressure. The 62 provenances could be divided into 5 types. There were obvious differences between groups, and they followed the phenological division within a group.
      ConclusionThe variance of traits had obvious geographic variation patterns and certain eco-climate foundation. In the south-to-north distribution and the west-to-east distribution, growth gradually became better and stem-form quality was being higher. In the meantime, survival rate fell as altitude increased. The provenances with mildly extreme temperature and pressure, higher mean minimum temperature and more precipitation had growth advantages. Latitude is a key factor in temperature change, so the pattern of zonal variation and the regulation of temperature decrease are inseparable from the increase of latitude. To explore the Melia azedarach regularity of geographic variance compressively with the evidences of molecular genetic analyses, the further studies will pay continuous attention to the growth state in Sihui Experimental Site of southern China.

       

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