降雨对植物叶表面颗粒物的淋洗作用

马文梅; 武亚楠; 张振明

doi:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170376

摘要:

目的降雨能够洗脱植物叶表面滞留的颗粒物，使叶表面具有反复滞留颗粒物的能力，研究不同降雨强度、降雨历时对植物叶表面颗粒物洗脱特征的影响对于植物去除颗粒物的机制有科学指导意义。

方法通过模拟降雨的方法，量化了在15、30和45 mm/h降雨强度的不同历时降雨过程下植物叶表面颗粒物的洗脱量和降雨对叶表面不同粒径颗粒物的影响。

结果(1) 植物叶表面的洗脱量随降雨量的增大而增大。(2)在不同降雨强度下，降雨对叶片表面颗粒物的洗脱量在树种之间显著相关(P < 0.05)，叶表面平均洗脱量从大到小依次为迎春>银杏>卫矛>杜仲。(3)4种植物叶表面的洗脱量随降雨历时的延长而增大，在5 min时，4种植物的洗脱量基本一致，在10和15 min时，卫矛、迎春、银杏的叶表面颗粒物洗脱量显著增大(P < 0.05)，杜仲在10和15 min的叶表面颗粒物没有显著相关关系(P>0.05)。(4)3种粒径的洗脱量在总颗粒物洗脱量中占的百分比不同，呈现出0.45~2.5 μm < 2.5~10 μm < 10~100 μm，10~100 μm的洗脱量显著高于0.45~2.5 μm和2.5~10 μm(P < 0.05)，而2.5~10 μm和0.45~2.5 μm的洗脱量无显著相关性(P>0.05)，降雨强度与各粒径颗粒物洗脱百分比也没有显著相关性(P>0.05)。

结论不同降雨量、降雨强度、降雨历时对于植物叶表面颗粒物的洗脱因植物树种的差异性、颗粒物粒径大小而有不同的影响。

Abstract:

ObjectiveRainfall could wash away the particulate matter on leaf surface, therefore the leaf surface could retain particulate matter repeatedly. Understanding the influences of different rainfall durations and rainfall intensities on particulate matter removing has guiding significance to acknowledge the mechanism of particulate matter removing on plant leaf surface.

MethodBy simulating rainfall with different rainfall durations (5, 10 and 15 min) and varied rainfall intensities (15, 30 and 45 mm/h), we quantified the elution volume of particulate matter on the plant leaf surface and the effects of rainfall on particulate matter with different sizes.

Result(1) The elution volume of plant leaf surface increased with increasing precipitation. (2) Under different rainfall intensities, the elution volume of particulate matter on plant leaf surface was extremely correlated with plant species (P < 0.05), with the average elution volume on plant leaf surface decreasing from Jasminum nudiflorum to Eucommia ulmoides(Jasminum nudiflorum> Ginkgo biloba > Euonymus alatus> Eucommia ulmoides). (3) The elution volume on plant leaf surface of 4 plant species increased with the extension of rainfall duration. The elution volume was basically same for the four plant species when the rainfall duration was 5 minutes. When the rainfall durations were 10 and 15 min, the elution volume increased significantly (P < 0.05) on plant leaf surface of Euonymus alatus, Ginkgo biloba and Jasminum nudiflorum, but there was no significant difference for Eucommia ulmoides (P>0.05). (4) Elution volume proportions of particulate matter with 3 different sizes were different (0.45-2.5 μm < 2.5-10 μm < 10-100 μm), and the elution volume of 10-100 μm was significantly higher than 0.45-2.5 μm and 2.5-10 μm (P < 0.05), but the elution volume of 0.45-2.5 μm showed no significant difference with 2.5-10 μm. The percentage of particulate matter elution was not significantly correlated with rainfall intensity (P>0.05).

ConclusionDifferent precipitation, rainfall durations and rainfall intensities have different leaching effects on different plant species and varied particulate matter with different sizes.

降雨对植物叶表面颗粒物的淋洗作用

Leaching effects of rainfall on particulate matter of plant leaf surface