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    康向阳. 关于林木无性系育种策略的思考[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(7): 1-9. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20190098
    引用本文: 康向阳. 关于林木无性系育种策略的思考[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(7): 1-9. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20190098
    Kang Xiangyang. Thinking about clonal breeding strategy of forest trees[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(7): 1-9. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20190098
    Citation: Kang Xiangyang. Thinking about clonal breeding strategy of forest trees[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(7): 1-9. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20190098

    关于林木无性系育种策略的思考

    Thinking about clonal breeding strategy of forest trees

    • 摘要: 林木无性系育种随着森林工业的兴起而诞生并取得快速发展,在世界林业产业中占具越来越重要的地位。其始终围绕高产、优质的育种目标,通过选择和利用天然群体或人工创制的育种后代群体中遗传增益最为突出的个体,经无性繁殖实现规模生产并适时采收,以满足社会对木材、果实、药物等林产品的巨大需求。由于受树体高大、多为异花授粉,性成熟较晚,生长周期和测试时间长且占地多等限制,决定大多数林木必然在相当长的时期内选择与作物不同的育种策略。现代生物科学和育种技术进步为突破基于传统交配设计杂交育种的遗传改良策略提供了可能。基于种间杂交或异花授粉树种的种内杂交育种时,可采取在毛白杨中成功应用的综合SSR遗传距离和优良单株父本鉴定构建育种亲本群体,并与配子染色体加倍选育三倍体相结合的育种策略,即首先通过SSR分子标记分析林木种质资源库亲本遗传距离,同时采用SSR分子标记对种质资源库自由授粉半同胞家系优株进行父本鉴定,在此基础上通过亲本遗传距离以及半同胞家系优株父本鉴定双重筛选构建育种亲本群体,进而利用高配合力育种亲本开展基于有性多倍化的多倍体育种,并通过无性繁殖实现倍性优势和杂交优势最大限度的利用,经济而高效地推进林木无性系育种进程。

       

      Abstract: With the rise of forest industry, clonal breeding of forest trees was born and developed rapidly. It played an important role in forest industry all over the world. Focused on the breeding objective of high-yield and high-quality, some individuals with high genetic gain were selected out from natural populations or artificially generated breeding offspring to meet the huge demand of society for forest products such as timber, dried fruits and medicines, after they were produced in a large scale and timely harvested. Compared with crops, it was necessary that different breeding strategies for forest trees were conducted owing to the limits of tree height, cross-pollination, late sexual maturity, long growth cycle, long testing period and large land occupation. Advances in modern biological sciences and breeding technologies make it possible to break through the genetic improvement strategy of cross breeding based on traditional mating designs. When cross breeding was conduced in interspecific hybrids or intraspecific hybrids in cross-pollinated tree species, a breeding strategy, combined gamete chromosome doubling for triploid production with construction of breeding parental group by screening SSR genetic distance and paternity identity of superior individual, could be adopted, which has been successfully applied in Populus tomentosa. In this strategy, genetic distance among parents in the germplasm bank was firstly estimated using SSR markers. Meanwhile, the paternal origin of superior half-sib individuals derived from the free-pollinated offspring in the germplasm bank was determined by SSR. Then, the breeding parental group would be constructed according to SSR genetic distance and paternity identity of superior individual in half-sib families. Parents with high combining ability were used to produce polyploid by sexual polyploidization. Therefore, the maximal utilization of ploidy vigor and heterosis would be achieved, and the process of forest clonal breeding would be also economically and efficiently promoted.

       

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