Objective Aiming at the problems of unsystematic evaluation system and difficult quantification of ecological importance and management feasibility in the spatial planning of national parks, taking the candidate areas of Xiaoxing’an National Park as an example, this paper constructs a multidimensional comprehensive evaluation framework and identifies its priority planning areas, in order to promote the systematization of the spatial planning of Xiaoxing’an National Park and provide reference for the construction of national park system in China.

Method By constructing a three-dimensional evaluation system of “national representativeness-ecological importance-management feasibility”, the study integrated GIS, MaxEnt, FRAGSTATS, CASA and InVEST models to carry out multi-level index evaluation and spatial analysis, and combined weighting with AHP entropy weight method, so as to identify the priority planning areas of national parks with a wide range of suitable areas for representative species in Xiaoxing'an, strong landscape representativeness, high ecological integrity and authenticity, and high management feasibility.

Result (1) The weight of the criteria layer was ranked as national representativeness (0.434) >ecological importance (0.316) >management feasibility (0.250). (2) From the perspective of national representativeness, the suitable areas of representative species in the study area are mainly concentrated in the central and southern part, which is consistent with the distribution of high-grade landscape. (3) In the dimension of ecological importance, the overall differentiation pattern of ecological pattern-process-service is high in the middle and low in the periphery, which is highly consistent with the authenticity evaluation results. (4) From the perspective of management feasibility, the study area has a low population density and a high concentration of protected areas in the central and southeast regions, which has a good management and construction foundation and public service conditions. (5) The comprehensive evaluation shows that the optimal planning area of the candidate area of Xiaoxing’anling National Park accounts for about 14.05% of the total area of the study area, and the better planning area accounts for about 10.88%. The priority planning areas are mainly concentrated in Yichun City and the south of Xunke County, Heihe city.

Conclusion National representativeness plays a dominant role in the identification of priority planning areas of Xiaoxing’anling National Park, and the priority planning areas show significant spatial agglomeration characteristics. The multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation framework constructed in this study provides quantitative basis and technical support for the scientific identification and spatial optimization of Xiaoxing’anling National Park candidate areas, and has certain reference significance for the planning and management of other national park candidate areas.