同一林分松科4属树种受松材线虫侵染的长时序监测与抗性评价

俞琳锋; 王峰; 余润; 吴昊; 宗世祥; 骆有庆; 任利利

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20250138

同一林分松科4属树种受松材线虫侵染的长时序监测与抗性评价

Long-term monitoring and resistance evaluation of four Pinaceae species to pine wood nematode infection in the same forest stand

摘要

摘要:
目的探究松科4属（松属、落叶松属、云杉属和冷杉属）多个树种对松材线虫的抗病性，评估松材线虫病在我国“北扩西进”的入侵风险，为松材线虫病的宏观预警和科学防控提供依据。
方法结合自然侵染和人工接种的方法，利用无人机图像和2015—2023年时序亚米级卫星影像，对辽宁抚顺市抚顺县、清远县、新宾县和东洲区5个混交林分中多树种受松材线虫侵染的显症情况进行长时序观测。研究对象涵盖松科4属的多个树种，重点关注油松、红松、长白落叶松、红皮云杉和杉松。
结果在自然侵染条件下，自2017年松材线虫入侵抚顺后，研究区油松林和红松林中显症树木数量持续增加，受侵染林分相继被皆伐清理；而紧邻的长白落叶松显症树木较少，红皮云杉和杉松未发现受害发病。在人工接种条件下，通过2021—2023年的连续时序观测，发现接种3年的红松显症率达83%，油松为52%，而同时期接种的长白落叶松大树未见明显症状。
结论本文明确了抚顺地区油松和红松为松材线虫病的易感病树种，而自然生长的长白落叶松大树具有较高抗性，自然生长的红皮云杉和杉松大树表现出极强抗性。

Abstract:
Objective This study aims to systematically evaluate the resistance of multiple tree species in four Pinaceae genera (Pinus, Larix, Picea, and Abies) to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, clarify the invasion risk of pine wilt disease in China’s “northward and westward expansion”, and provide theoretical support for the early warning and scientific control of the disease.
Method A combined approach of natural infection and artificial inoculation with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was employed. Unmanned aerial vehicle images and time-series sub-meter resolution satellite images (2015–2023) were used to track long-term infection dynamics and symptomatic expression in five mixed-species plantations across Fushun County, Qingyuan County, Xinbin County, and Dongzhou District of Fushun City, Liaoning Province. The study focused on multiple species across four genera of Pinaceae, specifically Pinus tabuliformis, Pinus koraiensis, Larix olgensis, Picea koraiensis, and Abies holophylla.
Result Under natural infection conditions, since the invasion of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus into Fushun in 2017, symptomatic trees in Pinus tabuliformis and Pinus koraiensis forests exhibited a significant increasing trend, and infected forests were subsequently clear-cut. In contrast, neighboring Larix olgensis forests exhibited very few symptomatic trees, and no symptoms were observed in Picea koraiensis and Abies holophylla. Under artificial inoculation conditions, continuous time-series observations from 2021 to 2023 revealed that 83% of the inoculated Pinus koraiensis and 52% of the inoculated Pinus tabuliformis exhibited symptoms after three years. Meanwhile, large inoculated Larix olgensis trees showed no significant symptoms during the same period.
Conclusion The study identifies Pinus tabuliformis and Pinus koraiensis as highly susceptible species to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Fushun, while naturally grown Larix olgensis trees exhibit relatively high resistance, Picea koraiensis and Abies holophylla trees demonstrate strong resistance to the disease.

HTML全文

参考文献(32)

施引文献

资源附件(0)