Abstract:
Objective This study aims to systematically evaluate the resistance of multiple tree species in four Pinaceae genera (Pinus, Larix, Picea, and Abies) to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, clarify the invasion risk associated with the “northward and westward expansion” trend of pine wilt disease in China, and provide a scientific basis for macro-level early warning and disease management.
Method A combined approach of natural infection and artificial inoculation with B. xylophilus was employed. Unmanned aerial vehicle images and time-series sub-meter resolution satellite images (2015–2023) were used to track long-term infection dynamics and symptomatic expression in five mixed-species plantations across Fushun County, Qingyuan County, Xinbin County, and Dongzhou District of Fushun City, Liaoning Province of northeastern China. The study focused on multiple species across four genera of Pinaceae, specifically Pinus tabuliformis, Pinus koraiensis, Larix olgensis, Picea koraiensis, and Abies holophylla.
Result Under natural infection conditions, since the invasion of B. xylophilus into Fushun City in 2017, symptomatic trees in P. tabuliformis and P. koraiensis forests exhibited a significant increasing trend, and infected forests were subsequently clear-cut. In contrast, neighboring L. olgensis forests exhibited very few symptomatic trees, and no symptoms were observed in P. koraiensis and A. holophylla. Under artificial inoculation conditions, continuous time-series observations from 2021 to 2023 revealed that 83% of the inoculated P. koraiensis and 52% of the inoculated P. tabuliformis exhibited symptoms after three years. Meanwhile, large inoculated L. olgensis trees showed no significant symptoms during the same period.
Conclusion The study identifies P. tabuliformis and P. koraiensis as highly susceptible species to B. xylophilus in Fushun City, while naturally grown L. olgensis trees exhibit relatively high resistance, P. koraiensis and A. holophylla trees demonstrate strong resistance to the disease.
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