Study on the types and quantity distribution of park service building facilities in Beijing based on POI data

  Objective  Service building facilities are important carriers for the park to carry out recreational services, science, education and cultural activities. China’s park design code has strict index control over the building facilities in the park. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the types, quantity distribution and spatial distribution indicators of service buildings and facilities in Beijing parks, summarize the laws and find problems, in order to provide basis for the planning, design and construction of parks and the optimal layout of public space and facilities in urban renewal in China.

  Method  Collecting point of interest (POI) data and area of interest (AOI) data from 309 major parks in Beijing, the overall distribution characteristics of service building facilities in the park can be compared and analyzed by statistical induction, and using the spatial uniformity index to measure the spatial layout characteristics of park service building facilities and the convenience of tourists to obtain facilities and services; analyzing the types, quantity and spatial distribution indicators of various types of service building facilities in each park. The single source shortest path algorithm was used to calculate the rationality of spatial distribution of public toilets in Beijing park.

  Result  The study supposed that the service building facilities in parks in Beijing were generally lacking, the quantity was seriously insufficient, the spatial distribution was not balanced, and the level difference between parks was large. The large-scale country parks and forest parks far away from the urban center, especially lack of service building facilities, sparse layout, most of the parks had a high degree of facility concentration and space uniformity was not enough. The types of food & beverages building service facilities and shopping service facilities were not reasonable, lacking of scientific, educational and cultural facilities.

  Conclusion  The policy limit for park service building infrastructure that has executed for a long time, has seriously affected the effective play of recreation service function, cultural function and popular science education function of the park, has affected the complex property of urban function of the park as a green complex, also has restricted the land intensive utilization of urban development mode in the future. This paper puts forward five strategies, such as establishing flexible control index and management system of park service building facilities, increasing the amounts of types of service building facilities, appropriately introducing social capital, actively introducing science/culture & education service facilities, and optimizing the spatial layout of building service facilities.