Coupling relationships between stand structural traits and visually morphological traits: a case study of scenic and recreational forest on shallow mountain area in Beijing

Nan Xiaofan; Ma Bingqian; Xue Yongxin; Yu Miao; Xu Chengyang; Jin Yingshan; Jin Guixiang

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20240178

Journal of Beijing Forestry University > 2025 > Accepted Manuscript > DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20240178

Nan Xiaofan, Ma Bingqian, Xue Yongxin, Yu Miao, Xu Chengyang, Jin Yingshan, Jin Guixiang. Coupling relationships between stand structural traits and visually morphological traits: a case study of scenic and recreational forest on shallow mountain area in Beijing[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20240178

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Coupling relationships between stand structural traits and visually morphological traits: a case study of scenic and recreational forest on shallow mountain area in Beijing

1.
Research Center for Urban Forestry of Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem in arid and semi-arid area of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Beijing 10012, China
3.
Jilin provincial Academy of Forestry Science, Beijing 130031, China

More Information

Received Date: June 03, 2024
Revised Date: June 15, 2024
Accepted Date: March 17, 2025
Available Online: March 25, 2025

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Objective
Investigate the coupling relationship between stand structure traits and visual morphological traits to reveal the formation mechanisms of the scenic quality within recreational forests and provide a basis for technological innovation aimed at improving landscape quality.
Method
This study selected the scenic and recreational forests in the hilly area of Beijing as research subjects, using correlation and principal component analyses to explore how stand structure and visual morphology affect landscape beauty. It also employed partial least squares path modeling and coupling analysis to study their relationship.
Result
(1) All stand structure indicators significantly influenced landscape quality within the forest (P < 0.05), and two principal components, namely tree size index (I_TS) and horizontal coverage index (I_HC), can be extracted.Tree size (I_TS) had a positive overall impact on the landscape beauty, whereas horizontal coverage (I_HC) had a negative impact. (2) Stand structure influenced visual morphological traits by modifying tree crown shapes , creating recreational spaces under the canopy, and enhancing landscape diversity. Specifically, I_HC positively influenced visual morphological traits, while I_HC had an antagonistic effect on them. (3) Stand structural traits were highly coupled and well-coordinated with visual morphological traits, with a coupling degree of 0.81 to 0.99, and a coupling coordination degree of 0.58 to 0.89. The scenic beauty estimate (E_SB) increased with better coupling coordination, suggesting that recreational forests with higher coordination levels exhibit superior visual quality.
Conclusion
Both stand structure traits and visual morphological traits have a significant impact on the in-forest landscape quality of the recreational forests. Changes in stand structure traits could effectively reflect changes in visual morphology traits. Therefore, optimizing stand structure could significantly effectively improve landscape visual quality.

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Coupling relationships between stand structural traits and visually morphological traits: a case study of scenic and recreational forest on shallow mountain area in Beijing

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