Investigation on germination period and male and female flowering period of 84 walnut germplasm resources

Liu Jing; Song Yaping; Yu Qiuxiang

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20240271

Journal of Beijing Forestry University > 2025 > 47(2): 49-57. > DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20240271

Liu Jing, Song Yaping, Yu Qiuxiang. Investigation on germination period and male and female flowering period of 84 walnut germplasm resources[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2025, 47(2): 49-57. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20240271

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Investigation on germination period and male and female flowering period of 84 walnut germplasm resources

Changli Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066600, Hebei, China

More Information

Received Date: August 20, 2024
Revised Date: November 13, 2024
Accepted Date: January 06, 2025
Available Online: January 08, 2025

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Objective
To solve frequent late frosts in spring and the mismatch of male and female flowering periods in walnut production, this study investigated the starting time of germination and flower period of 84 walnut germplasm resources in Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province of northern China, aiming to provide a reference for breeding late frost-resistant varieties, optimizing the arrangement of pollinator trees, and enhancing walnut yield.
Method
In 2024, the starting time of germination and flowering period of 84 walnut germplasm resources in Changli County of Qinhuangdao City were investigated, and the temperature during this period were recorded. The effective accumulated temperature of ≥10 ℃ required for germination and flowering was calculated.
Result
(1) The germination period of 84 walnut germplasm resources started from March 24 to March 31, requiring an average ≥10 ℃ effective accumulated temperature of 6.12 ℃·d; the peak period for male flowers started from April 17 to May 10, requiring an average ≥10 ℃ effective accumulated temperature of 103.69 ℃·d; the peak period for female flowers started from April 18 to May 15, requiring an average ≥10 ℃ effective accumulated temperature of 109.25 ℃·d. (2) The 84 germplasm resources were categorized into three groups: early-flowering group (April 17 − April 26), mid-flowering group (April 27 − May 6), and late-flowering group (May 7 and later). (3) In future walnut breeding work, we can select cultivars with late germination period such as ‘Zhonghe3hao’ ‘Xiluo7hao’ ‘Jinboxiang2hao’ ‘Jinboxiang4hao’ ‘Xilin1hao’ ‘Lvxiang’ ‘Jinxiang’ ‘Huasheng1hao’ ‘Zhonghe2hao’ to avoid the late frost in spring (≤0 ℃); and combine reasonably of cultivars with early, mid, and late flowers, such as ‘Lipin2hao’ (female early-flowering group) with ‘Xiling’ (male early-flowering group), ‘Lvling’ (female mid-flowering group) with ‘Xilin1hao’ (male mid-flowering group), ‘Small fruit black walnut’ (female late-flowering group) with ‘Black walnut’ (male late-flowering group) to improve the pollination rates and fruit setting rates.
Conclusion
The findings of this research provide important basis for the effective development and utilization of 84 walnut germplasm resources, optimize the arrangement of pollinator varieties, screen and breed late frost-resistant varieties, predict germination and flower period to implement preemptive frost prevention measures, and promote increased production and efficiency in the walnut industry.
- walnut,
- germination period,
- male and female flowering period,
- effective accumulated temperature,
- avoiding late frost

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References (26)

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Investigation on germination period and male and female flowering period of 84 walnut germplasm resources