Fecal thyroid hormone levels in female forest musk deer in captivity and their biological implications

WEI Yu-ting; ZHOU Ran; LIU Bao-qing; HU Xiao-long; LIU Shu-qiang; LI Lin-hai; HU De-fu

doi:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20150506

Journal of Beijing Forestry University > 2016 > 38(5): 108-113. > DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20150506

WEI Yu-ting, ZHOU Ran, LIU Bao-qing, HU Xiao-long, LIU Shu-qiang, LI Lin-hai, HU De-fu. Fecal thyroid hormone levels in female forest musk deer in captivity and their biological implications[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2016, 38(5): 108-113. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20150506

Citation:

PDF (991 KB)

Fecal thyroid hormone levels in female forest musk deer in captivity and their biological implications

1.
1 College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China;
2.
2 Breeding Centre of Forest Musk Deer in Pientzehuang, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721000, P.R. China;
3.
3 State Forestry Planning and Design Institute of Forest Products Industry, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, 100013, P.R. China.

More Information

Received Date: December 17, 2015
Revised Date: December 17, 2015
Published Date: May 30, 2016

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Both wild population rebuilding and sustainable musk yields require a healthy and growing population of musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) in captivity. Challenges of maintaining such a population come from irregular and frequent disease outbreaks. Meanwhile, disease monitoring and prediction require musk deer's baseline levels of physiology, which has been extremely lacking due to the high level of endangerment and limited availability of samples. In order to provide baseline physiology for disease monitoring, we non-invasively collected fecal samples from two captive populations of musk deer in Huoshaodian, Shaanxi, and Miyaluo, Sichuan in China, between July and August of 2014, and applied enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to estimate the concentrations and dynamics of fecal triiodothyronine (T3) among females. We found there was no significant difference of T3 concentrations between two populations during the study period. T3 concentrations first showed a universally growing trend with age from the age of 3 to 5, and then decreased after the age of 5 years. It might suggest that female musk deers reach physiological maturity at age 5. By clustering fecal T3 levels, we found significant differences among individuals at each age group, all of which could be assigned into low, medium and high metabolicgroups. We suggest the fecal T3 level, an index reflecting individual's metabolic characteristics of individuals, could be used to unveil physiological status of female musk deers, which has great potential in captive population establishment and management, as well as health condition evaluations.
- forest musk deer,
- fecal thyroid hormone,
- physiological status,
- implication

FullText(HTML)

References (51)

References

[1]	SHENG H L, LIU Z X. The musk deer in China [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press,2007.
[1]	盛和林,刘志霄. 中国麝科动物[M]. 上海:上海科学技术出版社,2007.
[2]	XUE C, MENG X X, XU H F, et al. Activity rhythm and behavioral time budgets of the captive forest musk deer ( Moschus berezovskii ) in spring [J]. Acta Theriologica Sinica,2008,28(2):194-200.
[2]	薛程,孟秀祥,徐宏发,等. 圈养林麝春季活动节律及时间分配[J]. 兽类学报,2008,28(2):194-200.
[3]	刘文华,王永奇,李斐然,等. 秦岭山地围网养麝试验初探[J]. 经济动物学报,2010,14(2):63-66.
[3]	LIU W H, WANG Y Q, LI F R, et al. A primary study on breeding the must deer by enclosure culture in Qinling Mountain [J]. Journal of Economic Animal,2010,14(2):63-66.
[4]	徐正强,徐宏发.饲养林麝的种群特征和幼麝的存活研究[J]. 兽类学报,2003,23(1):17-20.
[4]	XU Z Q, XU H F. Population characteristics and fawn survival in musk deer ( Moshus moschiferus ) [J]. Acta Theriologica Sinica,2003,23(1):17-20.
[5]	DU W G, SHENG H L. Parturitional and first-day behavior in penned forest musk deer ( Moschus moschiferus berezovskii ) [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Normal University (Natural Science Edition),1996,(2):84-86.
[5]	HE L, LI L H, WANG W X, et al. Welfare of farmed musk deer: changes in the biological characteristics of musk deer in farming environments [J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2014,156:1-5.
[6]	LIN Z, XU H F, SHENG H L. Energy metabolism and behavior of musk deer during pregnancy and lactation [J]. Acta Theriologica Sinica,1995,15(2):98-105.
[6]	杜卫国,盛和林. 圈养林麝的分娩及一日龄行为[J]. 浙江师大学报 (自然科学版),1996,(2):84-86.
[7]	WANG J M, WEI H J, WANG C X, et al. Electro-ejaculation and the semen quality of domestic Moschus berezovskii [J]. Journal of Economic Animal,2009,13(1):21-23.
[7]	林忠,徐宏发,盛和林. 林麝妊娠期和哺乳期的能量代谢特征[J].兽类学报,1995,15(2):98-105.
[8]	WANG W X, HE L, LIU B Q, et al. Feeding performance and preferences of captive forest musk deer while on a cafeteria diet [J]. Folia Zoologica,2015,64: 2-4.
[8]	HAN Z S, YANG C S, LI Q W, et al. Study on reproduction physiology and reproduction performance in musk deer ( Moschus berezovskii ) [J]. Journal of Northwest Science Technology University of Agriculture and Forestry (Natural Science Edition),2003,31(6) :103-106.
[9]	王建明,魏海军,王承旭,等.家养林麝电刺激采精及精液品质研究[J].经济动物学报,2009,13(1):21-23.
[9]	YANG G Y, CAI Y H, et al. Studies on the teepidemiology of Moniezia sichuanensis in domestic Moschus berezovxkii [J]. Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2002,23(4):60-62.
[10]	WANG Y Q, MENG X X. The current status and disease occurrence of captive forest musk deer ( Moschus berezovskii ) in Shaanxi Province [J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(10):2720-2726.
[10]	韩增胜,杨长锁,李青旺,等. 林麝生殖生理和繁殖性能观察研究[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报 (自然科学版),2003,31(6):103-106.
[11]	杨光友,蔡永华,等. 家养林麝四川莫尼茨绦虫病的流行病学研究[J].动物医学进展,2002,23(4):60-62.
[11]	LI L H, HE L, LIU G, et al. Discussion about relationship between biological characters and farming development of musk deer [J]. Forest Resources Management,2012, 4 (2):26-29.
[12]	王永奇,孟秀祥. 陕西省林麝驯养分布,种群动态及疾病发生[J]. 生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2720-2726.
[14]	OPPENHEIMER J H. Evolving concepts of thyroid hormone action [J]. Biochimie,1999,81(5):539-543.
[15]	GOULART-SILVA F, GIANNOCCO G, SANTOS M F, et al. Thyroid hormone induction of actin polymerization in somatotrophs of hypothyroid rats: potential repercussions in growth hormone synthesis and secretion [J]. Endocrinology,2006,147(12):5777 -5785.
[16]	MCNABB F M. Thyroid hormones, their activation, degradation and effects on metabolism [J]. The Journal of Nutrition,1999,125(6):1773S-1776S.
[17]	DA COSTA V M, MOREIRA D G, ROSENTHAL D. Thyroid function and aging: gender-related differences [J]. Journal of Endocrinology,2001,171(1):193-198.
[18]	ANDERSEN S, PEDERSEN K M, BRUUN N H, et al. Narrow individual variations in serum T4 and T3 in normal subjects:a clue to the understanding of subclinical thyroid disease [J]. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism,2002,87(3):1068-1072.
[19]	SMALS A G H, ROSS H A, KLOPPENBORG P W C. Seasonal variation in serum T3 and T4 levels in man [J]. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism,1977,44(5):998-1001.
[20]	FISHER D A, SACK J, ODDIE T H, et al. Serum T4, TBG, T3 uptake, T3, reverse T3 and TSH concentrations in children 1 to 15 years of age [J]. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism,1977,45(2):191-198.
[21]	HEGEDUS L, PERRILD H, POULSEN L R, et al. The determination of thyroid volume by ultrasound and its relationship to body weight,age,and sex in normal subjects [J]. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism,1983,56(2):260-263.
[22]	BUBENIK G A, LEATHERLAND J F. Seasonal levels of cortisol and thyroid hormones in intact and castrated mature male white-tailed deer [J]. Canadian Journal of Zoology,1984,62(5):783-787.
[23]	MIZOKAMI T, WU L A, EL-KAISSI S, et al. Stress and thyroid autoimmunity [J]. Thyroid, 2004,14(12): 1047-1055.
[24]	KEECH A L, ROSEN D A S, BOOTH R K, et al. Fecal triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations change in response to thyroid stimulation in Steller sea lions ( Eumetopias jubatus ) [J]. General and Comparative Endocrinology,2010,166(1):180-185.
[25]	WASSER S K, AZKARATE J C, BOOTH R K, et al. Non-invasive measurement of thyroid hormone in feces of a diverse array of avian and mammalian species [J]. General and Comparative Endocrinology,2010,168(1):1-7.
[26]	AYRES K L, BOOTH R K, HEMPELMANN J A, et al. Distinguishing the impacts of inadequate prey and vessel traffic on an endangered killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) population [J/OL]. PLoS One,2012,7(6) [2015-10-23]. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036842.
[27]	MYERS M J, REA L D, ATKINSON S. The effects of age, season and geographic region on thyroid hormones in Steller sea lions ( Eumetopias jubatus ) [J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular & Integrative Physiology,2006,145(1):90-98.
[28]	BROWN-GRANT K. Changes in the thyroid activity of rats exposed to cold [J]. The Journal of Physiology,1956,131(1):52-57.
[29]	GOUNDASHEVA D, ANDONOVA M, IVANOV V. Changes in some parameters of the immune response in rats after cold stress [J]. Journal of Veterinary Medicine(Series B),1995,41(10):670-674.
[30]	FUKUHARA K, KVETNANSKY R, CIZZA G, et al. Interrelations between sympathoadrenal system and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical/thyroid systemsin rats exposed to cold stress [J]. Journal of Neuroendocrinology,1996,8(7):533-541.
[31]	LAMBERTS S W J, VAN DEN BELD A W, VAN DER LELY A J. The endocrinology of aging [J]. Science, 1997, 278: 419-424.
[32]	SHARMA I J, AGARWAL S P, AGARWAL V K, et al. Serum thyroid hormone levels in male buffalo calves as related to age and sexual development [J]. Theriogenology,1985,24(5):509-517.
[33]	SAPIN R, SCHLIENGER J L, GOICHOT B, et al. Evaluation of elecsys ® free triiodothyronine assay:relevance of age-related reference ranges[J]. Clinical Biochemistry,1998,31(5):399-404.
[34]	HUBL W, SCHMIEDER J, GLADROW E, et al. Reference intervals for thyroid hormones on the architect analyser [J]. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine,2002,40(2):165-166.
[35]	SAMUELS M H. Subclinical thyroid disease in the elderly [J]. Thyroid,1998,8(9):803-813.
[36]	GREELEY G H, LIPTON M A, KIZER J S. Serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, TSH levels and TSH release after TRH in ageing male and female rats [J]. Endocrine Research Communications,1982,9(3-4):169-177.
[37]	KLUG T L, ADELMAN R C. Altered hypothalamic-pituitary pegulation of thyrotropin in male rats during aging [J]. Endocrinology,1979,104(4):1136-1142.
[38]	DONDA A, LEMARCHAND B T. Aging alters the activity of 5'-deiodinase in the adenohypophysis, thyroid gland, and liver of the male rat [J]. Endocrinology,1989,124(3):1305-1309.
[39]	DA COSTA V M C, ROSENTHAL D. Effect of aging on thyroidal and pituitary T4 5' deiodinase activity in female rats [J]. Life Sciences,1996,59(18):1515-1520.
[40]	BOELAERT K, FRANKLYN J A. Thyroid hormone in health and disease [J]. Journal of Endocrinology, 2005,187(1):1-15.
[41]	李林海,何岚,刘刚,等. 麝类动物生物学特征与养殖业发展关系的探讨[J]. 林业资源管理,2012, 4(2):26-29.

[1]	Liu Shuwen, Guo Sujuan. Stigma receptivity and optimal pollination time of chestnut ‘Yanshanzaofeng’[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2025, 47(1): 85-94. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20230368
[2]	Wang Xin, Tong Xiaojuan, Zhang Jinsong, Meng Ping, Xie Han, Hu Haiyang, Li Jun. Effects of photosynthesis on soil respiration of Quercus variabilis plantation in southern Taihang Mountain of northern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2021, 43(1): 66-76. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200010
[3]	Wu Jianzhao, Yan Siwei, Cui Yu, Luo Qinghu, Lin Yongming, Wang Daojie, Wu Chengzhen. Dynamics of soil respiration and its influencing factors at the early stage of ecological restoration of two kinds of climate in earthquake-affected area[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(3): 93-104. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180192
[4]	Liu Zhengcai, Qu Yaoyao. Vegetation change and its response to climate change based on SPOT-VGT in Hunan Province of southern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(2): 80-87. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180278
[5]	Duan Bei-xing, Man Xiu-ling, Song Hao, Liu Jia-lin. Soil respiration and its component characteristics under different types of Larix gmelinii forests in the north of Daxing'an Mountains of northeastern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2018, 40(2): 40-50. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170215
[6]	LIU Dan, LIU Shi-ling, GUO Zhong-ling, CUI Xiao-yang, FAN Chun-nan. Population life table and time sequence prediction of Alnus sibirica[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2017, 39(10): 62-69. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170035
[7]	SHAO Ying-nan, TIAN Song-yan, LIU Yan-kun, CHEN Yao, SUN Zhi-hu. Effects of density control on soil respiration in Larix olgensis plantation.[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2017, 39(6): 51-59. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170029
[8]	LI Si-si, HE Kang-ning, TIAN Yun, ZUO Wei, WANG Wei-lu, TANG Da, ZHANG Tan, LI Qian.. Seasonal changes and the driving factors of soil respiration among five typical forest types in the high-elevation-cold region, Qinghai, northwestern China.[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2016, 38(10): 95-103. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20160073
[9]	WU Peng, CUI Ying-chun, ZHAO Wen-jun, SHU De-yuan, YANG Wen-bin, DING Fang-jun. Effects of litter exclusion and addition on soil respiration of major forest communities at two successional stages in Maolan karst forest of southwestern China.[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2015, 37(9): 17-27. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20150052
[10]	ZHOU Cun-yu, ZHOU Guo-yi, WANG Ying-hong, ZHANG De-qiang, LIU Shi-zhong, WANG Yue-si, SUN Yang. Soil respiration of a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Dinghushan Mountain, Guangdong Province[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2005, 27(4): 23-27.

Cited By

Cited by

Periodical cited type(2)

1.	卢翠香，兰俊，陈健波，吴永富，邓紫宇，周维. 尾巨桉树轮异常结构的解剖学分析. 西南大学学报(自然科学版). 2019(04): 72-77 .
2.	易敏，赖猛，张露，陈伏生，胡松竹. 人工林刨花楠木材主要特性的径向变异及其对气象因子的响应. 应用生态学报. 2018(11): 3677-3684 .

Other cited types(5)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article views (2223) PDF downloads (35) Cited by(7)

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Abstract

References

Fecal thyroid hormone levels in female forest musk deer in captivity and their biological implications

Abstract

References

Related Articles

Cited by

Periodical cited type(2)

Other cited types(5)

Catalog

Fecal thyroid hormone levels in female forest musk deer in captivity and their biological implications

Abstract

References

Related Articles

Cited by

Periodical cited type(2)

Other cited types(5)

Catalog

Export File

Citation

Format

Content