Evaluation system for the resistance of landscape tree to diseases and pests and its application in Shanghai under climate warming

Global warming has seriously affected the structure and function of global ecosystems. In urban tree species selection, resistance evaluation system of tree pests and disease is one of the rational and effective approaches in the context of climate warming. According to the three levels of resistance screening, resistance evaluation and resistance management, an evaluation system of tree pests and disease resistance was constructed. Based on the explored literature, 32 urban tree species in Shanghai were evaluated by the evaluation system under climate warming. The evaluation system includes two aspects of disease resistance and pest resistance, among which, the disease resistance is catogorilized into four levels: non-lethal leaf disease, branch disease, root disease and lethal disease, and the pest resistance contains trunk borer pests, leaf-eating pests, sucking pests and underground pests.The results showed that 6 specices (Albizzia julibrissin, Phonex canariensis, Platanus acerifolia, Cinnamomum camphora, Rhododendron simsii, Cerasus serrulata) were in high fection level, 6 species (Cycas revoluta, Bischofia polycarpa, Salix babylonica, Euonymus japonicus, Osmanthus fragrans, Pittosporum tobira) were susceptible, 8 species (Ligustrum lucidum, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Pterocarya stenoptera, Koelreuteria paniculata, Acer buergerianum, Malus hallian, Hibiscus syriacus, Ilex cornuta) were in low resistance, 10 pieces (Melia azedarach, Ginkgo biloba, Magnolia grandifolia, Cedrus deodara, Elaeocarpus decipiens, Distylium racemosum, Berberis thunbergii, Chimonanthus praecox, Fatsia japonica, Photinia serrulata) were in medium resistance, 2 species(Magnolia denudata, Camellia japonica) were in high resistance. Therefore, the evaluation system provides an effective method to evaluate the resistance of landscape trees from a case study of single or few pests and diseases to the multi-holistic research. Meanwhile, it has a certain reference value for the occurrence and development of tree pests and diseases in response to climate warming, and it is helpful for reasonable tree species selection and sustainable management.