Habitat selection of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in winter in the eastern Wandashan mountains，Heilongjiang Province.

Based on field data collected by transect lines, winter habitat selection by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) was studied using a Resource Selection Index (RSI) and Resource Selection Functions (RSF) in the eastern Wandashan mountains, Heilongjiang Province during the winters from November to December of 2007 and 2008. We set 110 systematic transect lines with interval distances of 2 km, each 5 km in length. The following location characteristics were collected at active locations of roe deer and control locations: habitat type, food abundance, slope, slope position, aspect, elevation, shelter class, canopy, degree of coverage, tree density, diameter at breast height (DBH), shrub density and distance to human disturbance. The results showed that roe deer preferred mixed coniferous-broadleaf forests (Si=0.37), mixed broad-leaf forests (Si=0.19), moderate shelter class (35%--70%) (Si=0.46), moderate canopy degree (35%--70%) (Si=0.61), moderate coverage degree (10%--20%) (Si=0.27), slope (25°) (Si=0.18), sunny aspect (Si=0.44), middle slope position (Si=0.14), large numbers of tree (0.06 trees/m2) ( Si=0.59), lower diameter of tree (15 cm) (Si=0.66) and more distance to human disturbance (500 m) (Si=0.12, Si=0.30). The roe deer avoided mixed coniferous forests (Si=-0.56) and did not spot croplands (Si=-1.00). A random selection action of roe deer was known for the shrub habitat (Si=-0.05), canopy degree (35%) (Si=-0.03), coverage degree (10%)(Si=0.04). The resource selection function is a logistic regression model: logit (P)=-11.17+0.71×shelter class+3.24×slope+0.59×food abundance -0.62×distance to human disturbance -0.25×DBH+0.01×shrub density+0.07×slope position. 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