• Scopus
  • Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD)
  • A Guide to the Core Journal of China
  • CSTPCD
  • F5000 Frontrunner
  • RCCSE
Advanced search
Jiang Yarong, Jiang Shirong, Yuan Tao, Li Yan, Dong Mingzhe, Wu Luyao, Tang Ying. Competition simulation of flower meadow community based on neighborhood interference model[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44(3): 85-97. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200352
Citation: Jiang Yarong, Jiang Shirong, Yuan Tao, Li Yan, Dong Mingzhe, Wu Luyao, Tang Ying. Competition simulation of flower meadow community based on neighborhood interference model[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44(3): 85-97. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200352

Competition simulation of flower meadow community based on neighborhood interference model

More Information
  • Received Date: November 16, 2020
  • Revised Date: March 29, 2021
  • Accepted Date: January 20, 2022
  • Available Online: February 11, 2022
  • Published Date: March 24, 2022
  •   Objective  Flower meadow is an attempt to simulate natural grassland community in urban. The competition of species in the meadow influences the presentation of community appearance during different periods, but here are few studies at present. Therefore, based on neighborhood interference model,our research tried to provide scientific support for competition in flower meadow community.
      Method  (1) Taking the annual mixed sowing combinations with different species numbers as an example, the species abundance and flowering period were investigated by sampling method every half month in the growing season, and the aboveground biomass was measured. (2) Four alternative models of neighborhood interference were selected to calculate and simulate the community competition intensity in Matlab software, the fitting accuracy of the models was compared and analyzed to obtain the best competition model, and competition intensity was calculated and the seasonal simulation and analysis were carried out.
      Result  (1) The best model of neighborhood interference was related to the size and distance of the object individual and neighboring plants, and the goodness of fit coefficient was 0.718 9. (2) About 90% of competition pressure in flower meadows was interspecific competition, the competition intensity of plants in underlying canopy of the community was increased gradually, and significantly higher than that in the tall overlying canopy and middle layer of the community, resulting in some species could not bloom normally. (3) The competition of communities became fiercer, and the species diversity increased firstly and then decreased, competition intensity and diversity of the mixtures with less richness were low, but the plant height and crown width of the species were larger. (4) Within a certain range, the increase of species diversity can reduce competition intensity of community, when the Patrick index was 8 to 10, Pielou evenness was about 0.46, Shannon-Wiener index was 2.1 and Simpson index was 0.82, the competition index in the flower meadow was the lowest, at this time, ratio of competition intensity in the middle and lower canopy of the community was 1∶3, the community was moderate-density, colorful and similar to the richness of natural grassland. Reliable guidance was provided in the study initially for the design of flower meadows from the perspective of community competition.
  • [1]
    Bjørn M C, Weiner J, Kollmann J, et al. Increasing local biodiversity in urban environments: community development in semi-natural species-rich forb vegetation[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2019, 184(1): 23−31.
    [2]
    Ignatieva M, Hedblom M. An alternative urban green carpet[J]. Science, 2018, 362: 148−149. doi: 10.1126/science.aau6974
    [3]
    符木. 花卉混播群落建植与群落动态研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2017.

    Fu M. Establishment and dynamic analysis of flowering meadow communities[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2017.
    [4]
    王荷. 野生花卉用于野花草地的营建初探[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2009.

    Wang H. Preliminary studies on making wildflower meadow with wildflowers[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2009.
    [5]
    Hitchmough J. Sowing beauty-designing flowering meadows from seed[M]. Portland: Timber Press, 2017.
    [6]
    Hitchmough J, de la Fleur M. Establishing North American prairie vegetation in urban parks in northern England: effect of management and soil type on long-term community development[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2006, 78(4): 386−397. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.11.005
    [7]
    王新颖. 草花混播退化原因分析[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2013(6): 158−159. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2767.2013.06.044

    Wang X Y. Analysis of the degradation causes of flower meadow[J]. Heilongjiang Agriculture Sciences, 2013(6): 158−159. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2767.2013.06.044
    [8]
    Hewetson-Brown J. How to make a wildflower meadow: tried-and-tested techniques for new garden landscapes[M]. Bath: Filbert Press, 2016.
    [9]
    宋永昌. 植被生态学(第二版)[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2016.

    Song Y C. Vegetation ecology (second edition)[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2016.
    [10]
    Canham C D, Papaik M J, Uriarte M, et al. Neighborhood analyses of canopy tree competition along environmental gradients in New England forests[J]. Ecological Applications, 2006, 16(2): 540−554. doi: 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0540:NAOCTC]2.0.CO;2
    [11]
    徐建, 韦新良, 王敬, 等. 龙王山落叶阔叶林优势树种的种内种间竞争[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2014, 31(6): 868−876. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2014.06.007

    Xu J, Wei X L, Wang J, et al. Intraspecific and interspecific competition of dominant species in a deciduous, broadleaf forest of Longwang Mountain[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 2014, 31(6): 868−876. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2014.06.007
    [12]
    张晔珵. 基于树冠竞争指数的杉木人工林生长可视化模拟研究[D]. 北京: 中国林业科学研究院, 2015.

    Zhang Y C. The study of Chinese fir stand visual simulation based on crown competition index[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2015.
    [13]
    Weigelt A, Jolliffe P. Indices of plant competition[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2003, 91: 707−720. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00805.x
    [14]
    Law R, Purves D W, Murrell D J, et al. Causes and effects of small-scale spatial structure in plant populations[J]. Analytical Biochemistry, 2001, 25(1): 164−171.
    [15]
    李博, 陈家宽, A. R. 沃金森. 植物竞争研究进展[J]. 植物学通报, 1998, 15(4): 20−31.

    Li B, Chen J K, Andrew R W. A literature review on plant competition[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 1998, 15(4): 20−31.
    [16]
    Mack R N, Harper J L. Interference in dune annuals: spatial pattern and neighborhood effects[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1977, 65(2): 345−363. doi: 10.2307/2259487
    [17]
    Weiner J A. Neighborhood model of annual plant interference[J]. Ecology, 1982, 63(5): 1237−1241. doi: 10.2307/1938849
    [18]
    李根前, 唐德瑞, 何景峰, 等. 邻体干扰推广模型及其在林草生态系统的应用[J]. 南京林业大学学报, 1999, 23(3): 16−20.

    Li G Q, Tang D R, He J F, et al. An improved model of neighbourhood interference and its applicaton in forest-herb ecosystem[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University, 1999, 23(3): 16−20.
    [19]
    张炜平, 王根轩. 植物邻体间的正相互作用[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(19): 5371−5380.

    Zhang W P, Wang G X. Positive interactions of plant communities[J]. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2010, 30(19): 5371−5380.
    [20]
    国庆喜, 杨光. 红松天然种群邻体影响半径[J]. 应用生态学报, 2006, 17(12): 2302−2306. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-9332.2006.12.014

    Guo Q X, Yang G. Neighborhood interference radius of natural Pinus koraiensis population[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(12): 2302−2306. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-9332.2006.12.014
    [21]
    杨霞, 陈丽华. 邻体干扰模型在辽东油松人工林中的应用[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2019, 17(6): 93−102.

    Yang X, Chen L H. Application of neighborhood interference model in Pinus tabuliformis plantation in eastern Liaoning Province[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2019, 17(6): 93−102.
    [22]
    段仁燕, 王孝安. 植物邻体干扰的研究范畴、热点及意义[J]. 西北植物学报, 2004, 24(6): 1138−1144. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2004.06.034

    Duan R Y, Wang X A. Contents, heated problems and significance of neighborhood interference among plants[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2004, 24(6): 1138−1144. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2004.06.034
    [23]
    雷相东, 常敏, 陆元昌, 等. 虚拟树木生长建模及可视化研究综述[J]. 林业科学, 2006, 42(11): 123−131. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2006.11.023

    Lei X D, Chang M, Lu Y C, et al. A review on growth modelling and visualization for virtual trees[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(11): 123−131. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2006.11.023
    [24]
    卢章平, 张楠, 李铁骑, 等. 虚拟植物整体生长研究现状与展望[J]. 计算机仿真, 2011, 28(8): 295−297. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9348.2011.08.072

    Lu Z P, Zhang N, Li T Q, et al. Present situation and prospects of research on overall growth of virtual plant[J]. Computer Simulation, 2011, 28(8): 295−297. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9348.2011.08.072
    [25]
    刘玉耀, 张太红, 古丽米拉·克孜尔别克. 虚拟植物研究进展[J]. 智能计算机与应用, 2017, 7(2): 75−77. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2163.2017.02.020

    Liu Y Y, Zhang T H, Gulimila K. A review of research of virtual plant[J]. Intelligent Computer and Applications, 2017, 7(2): 75−77. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2163.2017.02.020
    [26]
    崔广义. 基于L-System模拟植物竞争生长的应用研究[J]. 计算机与数字工程, 2009, 37(12): 135−138. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9722.2009.12.037

    Cui G Y. Research on the application of simulation of plant competition growth based on L-System[J]. Computer and Digital Engineering, 2009, 37(12): 135−138. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9722.2009.12.037
    [27]
    曲颖, 李自珍, 李文龙. 湿地植物生长模型的改进及其动态的计算机模拟分析[J]. 西北植物学报, 2004, 24(3): 418−423. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2004.03.008

    Qu Y, Li Z Z, Li W L. Amelioration on a growth model of plants in a wetland and its dynamic computer simulation and analysis[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2004, 24(3): 418−423. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2004.03.008
    [28]
    程越, 林旻, 杨刚, 等. 基于个体植物生长模型的森林动态演替模拟[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2017, 39(5): 96−106.

    Cheng Y, Lin M, Yang G, et al. Forest dynamic succession simulation based on individual plant growth model[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2017, 39(5): 96−106.
    [29]
    房味味, 袁涛, 付桂荣. 自然草甸群落对人工构建野花组合的启示[J]. 中国园林, 2015, 31(7): 59−63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6664.2015.07.013

    Fang W W, Yuan T, Fu G R. Enlightenment of natural meadow communities for artificial wildflower meadow[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2015, 31(7): 59−63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6664.2015.07.013
    [30]
    房味味, 任鸿雁, 凌隽, 等. 北方草甸群落结构和组成分析及野花组合模拟构建[J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2015, 24(2): 97−103. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7895.2015.02.14

    Fang W W, Ren H Y, Ling J, et al. Analyses on structure and composition of northern meadow community, and simulated construction of wildflower combination[J]. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 2015, 24(2): 97−103. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7895.2015.02.14
    [31]
    高亦珂, 吴春水, 袁加. 北京地区草花混播配置方法研究[C]//中国风景园林学会. 中国风景园林学会2011年会论文集(下册). 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2011: 752−754.

    Gao Y K, Wu C S, Yuan J. Establishing flower meadow in Beijing area[C]// Chinese Society of Landscape Architecture. Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference of the Chinese Society of Landscape Architecture (Volume II). Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press, 2011: 752−754.
    [32]
    Hitchmough J, Fleur M, Findlay C. Establishing North American prairie vegetation in urban parks in northern England[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2004, 66(2): 75−90.
    [33]
    蒋亚蓉, 房味味, 袁涛, 等. 野花组合景观建植综述[J]. 中国城市林业, 2016, 14(4): 5−11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4925.2016.04.002

    Jiang Y R, Fang W W, Yuan T, et al. A review of establishing wildflower meadow landscape[J]. Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry, 2016, 14(4): 5−11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4925.2016.04.002
    [34]
    郑姚闽, 崔国发, 雷霆, 等. 甘肃敦煌西湖多枝柽柳群落特征和种群格局[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2010, 32(4): 34−44.

    Zheng Y M, Cui G F, Lei T, et al. Community characteristics and population patterns of Tamarix ramosissima in Dunhuang Xihu of Gansu Province, northwestern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2010, 32(4): 34−44.
    [35]
    陈积山, 张澄莹, 张月学, 等. 不同生长年限豆禾混播草地物种的空间格局[J]. 草地学报, 2014, 22(1): 70−77.

    Chen J S, Zhang C Y, Zhang Y X, et al. Spatial patterns of main species in the mix-sowed artificial grasslands of different ages in Songnen Plain[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2014, 22(1): 70−77.
    [36]
    康佳鹏, 马盈盈, 马淑琴, 等. 荒漠绿洲过渡带柽柳种群结构与空间格局动态[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(1): 269−280.

    Kang J P, Ma Y Y, Ma S Q, et al. Dynamic changes of spatial pattern and structure of the Tamarix ramosissima population at the desert-oasis ecotone of the Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(1): 269−280.
    [37]
    孙培峰. 不同林龄刺槐人工林林分结构和土壤特性研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2015.

    Sun P F. Structural features and soil characteristics of artificial forest of defferent ages Robinia pseudoacacia[D]. Yangling: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 2015.
    [38]
    王猛, 汪季, 蒙仲举, 等. 巴丹吉林沙漠东缘天然梭梭种群空间分布异质性[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(13): 4055−4063.

    Wang M, Wang J, Meng Z J, et al. Spatial heterogeneity of natural Haloxylon ammodendron populations at Ta-Mu-Su, Badain Jaran Desert, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(13): 4055−4063.
    [39]
    张金屯. 数量生态学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2011.

    Zhang J T. Numerical ecology[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2011.
    [40]
    黄新峰, 亢新刚, 杨华, 等. 5个林木竞争指数模型的比较[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 40(7): 127−134.

    Huang X F, Kuang X G, Yang H, et al. Comprison of 5 tree competition index models[J]. Journal of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University (Nature Science Edition), 2012, 40(7): 127−134.
    [41]
    杜峰, 梁宗锁, 胡莉娟. 植物竞争研究综述[J]. 生态学杂志, 2004, 23(4): 160−166.

    Du F, Liang Z S, Hu L J. A review on plant competition[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2004, 23(4): 160−166.
    [42]
    Weiner J A. Neighborhood interference amongst Pinus rigid individuals[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1984, 72(1): 183−185. doi: 10.2307/2260012
    [43]
    张大勇, 赵松龄, 张鹏云, 等. 青秆林恢复演替过程中的邻体竞争效应及邻体干扰指数的改进模型[J]. 生态学报, 1989, 9(1): 53−58. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1989.01.008

    Zhang D Y, Zhao S L, Zhang P Y, et al. On neighbourhood effects in a successional community and an improved index of neighbourhood interference[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1989, 9(1): 53−58. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1989.01.008
    [44]
    Brown G S. Point density in stems per acre[M]. Rotorua: New Zealand Forest Research Notes, 1965.
    [45]
    Spurr S H. A measure of point density[J]. Forest Science, 1962, 8(1): 85−96.
    [46]
    符木, 刘晶晶, 高亦珂, 等. 禾草−花卉混播群落中花卉植物生长特性[J]. 北方园艺, 2017(4): 56−61.

    Fu M, Liu J J, Gao Y K, et al. Growth characteristics of forbs in grass-forb mixture communities[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2017(4): 56−61.
    [47]
    曹小玉, 李际平, 陈磊, 等. 基于加权Voronoi图的杉木生态公益林种内、种间竞争[J]. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(9): 2553−2561.

    Cao X Y, Li J P, Chen L, et al. Intraspecific and interspecific competition analysis of Cunninghamia lanceolata ecological forest based on weighted Voronoi diagram[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2016, 35(9): 2553−2561.
    [48]
    张莉, 郑元润. 中国北方草地植物群落季节生长格局模拟[J]. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(10): 2161−2167.

    Zhang L, Zheng Y R. Simulation on the seasonal growth patterns of grassland plant communities in northern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(10): 2161−2167.
    [49]
    张新培. 面向植物群落生长模拟的知识建模研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江工业大学, 2009.

    Zhang X P. Study of knowledge modeling for plant community growth simulation[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University of Technology, 2009.
    [50]
    单梁, 杨刚, 黄心渊. 森林动态演替现象的可视化模拟[J]. 中国图象图形学报, 2013, 18(12): 120−129.

    Shan L, Yang G, Huang X Y. Simulation of the dynamic evolution of spatial distribution of trees in the forest[J]. Journal of Image and Graphics, 2013, 18(12): 120−129.
    [51]
    代柱亮. 森林场景实时动态仿真技术的研究与实现[D]. 北京: 北京邮电大学, 2015.

    Dai Z L. Research and implementation of the forest scene in real-time dynamic simulation technology[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2015.
    [52]
    杜秀芳, 汤孟平, 潘建勇, 等. 临安区不同森林类型竞争指数比较研究[J]. 生态学报, 2020, 40(12): 4064−4072.

    Du X F, Tang M P, Pan J Y, et al. Study on competition index of different typical forest types on Lin’an Region[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(12): 4064−4072.
    [53]
    Lindemann-Matthies P, Bose E. Species richness, structural diversity and species composition in meadows created by visitors of a botanical garden in Switzerland[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2007, 79(3): 298−307.
    [54]
    Junge X, Schüpbach B, Walter T, et al. Aesthetic quality of agricultural landscape elements in different seasonal stages in Switzerland[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2015, 133: 67−77.
    [55]
    Lefcheck J S, Byrnes J E K, Isbell F, et al. Biodiversity enhances ecosystem multifunctionality across trophic levels and habitats[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 1−7.
    [56]
    朱羚, 金一兰, 丛日慧, 等. 环境因素及种间竞争在群落多样性格局中的作用[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018, 35(6): 1427−1435.

    Zhu L, Jin Y L, Chong R H, et al. Effects of environmental factors and interspecific competition in community biodiversity pattern[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2018, 35(6): 1427−1435.
    [57]
    Levine J M, HilleRisLambers J. The importance of niches for the maintenance of species diversity[J]. Nature, 2009, 461: 254−257. doi: 10.1038/nature08251
    [58]
    Lusk C H, Smith B. Life history differences and tree species coexistence in an old-growth New Zealand rain forest[J]. Ecology, 1998, 79(3): 795−806. doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0795:LHDATS]2.0.CO;2
    [59]
    詹姆斯·希契莫夫, 刘波, 杭烨. 城市绿色基础设施中大规模草本植物群落种植设计与管理的生态途径[J]. 中国园林, 2013, 29(3): 16−26.

    Hitchmough J, Liu B, Hang Y. Applying an ecological approach to extensive, designed herbaceous vegetation in urban green infrastructure[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2013, 29(3): 16−26.
    [60]
    秦贺兰, 梁芳, 许超, 等. 3种因素对野花组合建植初期花卉密度和杂草密度的影响[J]. 河北林果研究, 2014, 29(2): 194−198.

    Qin H L, Liang F, Xu C, et al. Effect of 3 factors on density of both flower and weed in wildflower meadows at the beginning stage[J]. Hebei Journal of Forestry and Orchard Research, 2014, 29(2): 194−198.
    [61]
    邹春静, 王庆礼, 韩士杰. 长白山暗针叶林建群种竞争关系的研究[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2001, 7(2): 101−105. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-687X.2001.02.001

    Zou C J, Wang Q L, Han S J. Study on competition relationship between dificators in dark conifer forest in the Changbai Mountains[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2001, 7(2): 101−105. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-687X.2001.02.001
    [62]
    蒋亚蓉, 袁涛, 刘雪. 内蒙古桦木沟国家森林公园自然草甸群落对人工构建野花组合的启示[J]. 中国园林, 2016, 32(12): 38−41. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6664.2016.12.008

    Jiang Y R, Yuan T, Liu X. Enlightenment of natural meadow communities in Huamugou Natural Forestry Park for artificial wildflower meadow[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2016, 32(12): 38−41. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6664.2016.12.008
  • Related Articles

    [1]Li Yuting, Ma Aiyun, Miao Zheng, Hao Yuanshuo, Dong Lihu. Effects of neighborhood competition on biomass and distribution of Larix olgensis[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20230322
    [2]Zhang Jianting, Liu Jinhao, Huang Qingqing, Sui Tingting. Design and simulation of woodland chassis imitating goat gait[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2021, 43(6): 152-162. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210086
    [3]Sheng Dongping, Zhang Xiaoyang, Feng Mengting, Ye Jianren, Qiu Xiuwen. Construction and its function analysis of RNA interference vector of cytochrome cyp-13A11 gene in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2021, 43(1): 96-102. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200025
    [4]DONG Ling-bo, SUN Yun-xia, LIU Zhao-gang. Evaluating neighborhood search techniques of simulated annealing based on forest spatial harvest scheduling problems[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2017, 39(8): 24-32. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170095
    [5]LI Bin, SHAN Jun-xin. Mixing chamber design of polyurea spray airbrush and simulation analysis based on FLUENT[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2017, 39(3): 105-111. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20160254
    [6]WANG Hui, HE Kang-ning, XU Te, LIU Yu-juan, LIU Ying, ZHANG Xue. Characteristics and simulation of the canopy conductance of Hippophae rhamnoides in Qaidam Region of northwestern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2015, 37(8): 1-7. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20140457
    [7]LIU Yan, ZHANG Hou-jiang, HUANG Yan. Application of anti-interference design to lumber stress rating system.[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2011, 33(2): 105-109.
    [8]YUE Yong-jie, , YU Xin-xiao, NIU Li-li, SUN Qing-yan, LI Jin-hai, WU Jun. Structural characteristics of plant communities and species diversity in Wuling Mountain, Beijing.[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2008, 30(supp.2): 165-170.
    [9]ZHANG Ren-jun, YANG Yuan-fen. Positive study on the microsimulation-based analysis method of the ecological carrying capacity of tourist resorts[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(3): 81-86. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.2007.03.013
    [10]LIU Xin-wei, SHEN Wei-jun, ZHANG Gui-lian, PENG Shao-lin. Simulation of niche fitness of plant seedlings in succession of south Asian tropical forests[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(1): 1-6.
  • Cited by

    Periodical cited type(2)

    1. 吴凯婷,张勇,马燕丹,郑秋竹,岳海涛,王晓蓉,梁克敏,曾昊. 若尔盖不同生境植物多样性与植物竞争强度和生态位重叠度的关系. 生态学报. 2023(24): 10334-10344 .
    2. 蒋亚蓉,袁涛,吴璐瑶. 基于CSR理论的草花混播种类选择及混播群落构建. 中国园林. 2022(10): 104-109 .

    Other cited types(2)

Catalog

    Article views (1075) PDF downloads (89) Cited by(4)

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return