生长延缓剂对板栗叶片解剖结构及非结构性碳水化合物的影响

张亦弛; 郭素娟; 孙传昊

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20180437

生长延缓剂对板栗叶片解剖结构及非结构性碳水化合物的影响

Effects of growth retardants on anatomy and non-structural carbohydrates of chestnut leaves

摘要

摘要:
目的探究叶面喷施植物生长延缓剂对6年生板栗树叶片解剖结构及非结构性碳水化合物与叶片解剖结构的变化对非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响，为植物生长延缓剂在板栗生长调控中的应用提供理论依据。
方法以板栗‘燕山早丰’为试验材料，研究分别喷施不同质量浓度的多效唑、矮壮素、烯效唑对板栗叶片非结构性碳水化合物的作用及对叶片形态解剖结构的影响。
结果（1）多效唑、矮壮素和烯效唑能提高板栗叶片角质层厚度，上角质层最厚可达5.46 μm，为90 mg/L烯效唑处理，下角质层最厚可达1.76 μm，为60 mg/L烯效唑处理；（2）除60 mg/L烯效唑处理外，其余处理均能增加叶片、栅栏组织厚度，叶片、栅栏组织厚度增加效果最显著的为100 mg/L多效唑处理；（3）3种延缓剂均能增加叶片栅海比值，栅海比最高可达1.52，为90 mg/L烯效唑处理；（4）除60 mg/L烯效唑处理外，其余处理均能有效增加板栗叶片非结构性碳水化合物含量，在处理后120 d增加的最为显著。
结论在板栗花芽分化期对叶面分别喷施多效唑、矮壮素和烯效唑能影响板栗叶片解剖结构，从而提高板栗对光能的捕获，增强其光合作用，其中100 mg/L多效唑的效果最好。多效唑、矮壮素和烯效唑能有效促进板栗叶片内非结构性碳水化合物的生成，本研究中60~90 mg/L烯效唑的效果最佳，延缓剂使得叶片解剖结构改变，从而增强了叶片光合作用，导致叶片同化物增多，进而提高叶片非结构性碳水化合物含量。

Abstract:
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of plant growth retardants on the leaf anatomy and non-structural carbohydrates of chestnut saplings, and the effects of leaf anatomical changes on non-structural carbohydrate content,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of plant growth retardants in the regulation of chestnut growth.
MethodIn this experiment, chestnut (Castanea) cultivar ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ was taken as the experimental material, and exposed to different concentrations of paclobutrazol, chlormequat and uniconazole,then the anatomy and non-structural carbohydrates of the leaf were analysed.
Result(1) Paclobutrazol, chlormequat and uniconazole could increase the thickness of the cuticle of chestnut leaves. The maximum thickness of the upper cuticle was 5.46 μm treated with 90 mg/L uniconazole, and the thickness of the lower cuticle was 1.76 μm treated with 60 mg/L uniconazole; (2) except for treatment with 60 mg/L uniconazole, the other treatments could increase the thickness of leaves and palisade tissue. The most significant effects of leaf and palisade tissue thickness were 100 mg/L paclobutrazol treatments; (3) three kinds of retardants could increase the palisade to sponge tissue ratio, it was up to 1.52, which was treated with 90 mg/L uniconazole; (4) except 60 mg/L uniconazole treatment, the other treatments could effectively increase the non-structural carbohydrate content of chestnut leaves, the increase of non-structural carbohydrate content was most significant at 120 days after treatment.
ConclusionSpraying paclobutrazol, chlormequat and uniconazole on the leaf surface in the period of chestnut flower buds could affect the anatomy of chestnut leaves, thereby enhancing the photosynthesis of chestnut,and the best treatment was 100 mg/L paclobutrazol. Paclobutrazol, chlormequat and uniconazole could effectively increase the non-structural carbohydrates content of chestnut leaves, and 60–90 mg/L of uniconazole was the best treatment. Due to the application of retardants, the leaf anatomy changed the photosynthesis of the leaves, which increased the assimilation, and it made the non-structural carbohydrate content of the leaves increase.

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