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    固沙植被景观格局变化及其影响因子

    Landscape pattern change and its influencing factors of sand-binding vegetation

    • 摘要:
      目的植物固沙作为重要的防沙治沙手段,在中国北方沙区生态重建与恢复工作中应用已60余年。了解不同固沙植被的景观格局动态及影响因子,可以为沙区的植被建设提供依据。
      方法本文通过中国植被图数据,选取了以蒿属(褐沙蒿和黑沙蒿为主)、锦鸡儿属(中间锦鸡儿、小叶锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿为主)、榆树和樟子松为优势种的典型植被,在四大沙地(毛乌素、浑善达克、科尔沁和呼伦贝尔沙地)内的分布区域,采用景观脆弱度指数和地理探测器模型,分析了其在1990—2015年间景观格局变化及其影响因子。
      结果蒿属和锦鸡儿属灌丛总体呈扩张趋势且逐渐稳定,景观格局主要受年降水量的影响(贡献率分别为 0.31、0.41),榆树疏林和人工樟子松林表现出衰退趋势,其主要影响因子分别是土地覆盖(贡献率为 0.34)和生长季气温(贡献率为 0.24)。
      结论在未来可能的气候条件下,蒿属灌丛和锦鸡儿属灌丛能够稳定存在并继续发挥其防风固沙的生态功能;榆树疏林和人工樟子松林可能会发生进一步退化,在植被建设工程中需要根据沙区气候条件合理选择树种并加强管理。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveIntroducing and establishing sand-binding vegetation, as one of the important approaches for combating desertification, has already applied in the ecological restoration and recovery in northern China for more than 60 years. Study on the dynamics of landscape patterns of sand-blinding vegetation and their influencing factors is thus a crucial requirement for guiding and establishing sand-binding vegetation.
      MethodBased on vegetation map, this paper selects several typical vegetation types with varied dominant species (Artemisia sp., Caragana sp., Ulmus sp., and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) in four sandy lands (Mu Us, Otindag, Horqin and Hulun Buir sandy lands). We explored their landscape pattern dynamics during 1990 –2015 by the landscape vulnerability index (LVI), and detected their influencing factors by the geodetector method.
      ResultOver the study period (1990–2015), the Artemisia sp. and Caragana sp. shrublands showed stable expanding trends, and the average annual precipitation was the main factor influencing their landscape patterns (contribution ratio q = 0.31 and 0.41, respectively); Ulmus sp. and artificial P. sylvestris var. mongolica forestlands showed declining trends, and the land use and cover change (q = 0.34) and average annual air temperature in growth season (q = 0.24) were the main driving factors, respectively.
      ConclusionThe results indicate that, the Artemisia sp. and Caragana sp. shrublands could continue to play their ecological service for wind break and sand-fixation, whilst the Ulmus sp. and the artificial P. sylvestris var. mongolica forestlands could seriously degrade under the projected climate change.

       

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