阔叶树对红皮云杉人工林土壤营养状况的改善作用

周磊; 王树力

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190113

阔叶树对红皮云杉人工林土壤营养状况的改善作用

周磊,
王树力^,

东北林业大学林学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150040

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2017YFD0601103），黑龙江省省级财政林业科研专项（201522）

详细信息

作者简介:
周磊。主要研究方向：水土保持与林业生态工程。Email：leizhou93@163.com　地址：150040 黑龙江省哈尔滨市和兴路26号东北林业大学林学院

责任作者:
王树力，教授。主要研究方向：生态学、水土保持及荒漠化防治。Email：shuliwang@163.com　地址：同上

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-03-03
- 修回日期: 2019-04-22
- 网络出版日期: 2020-03-06
- 发布日期: 2020-03-30

Improvement of broadleaved tree species to soil nutrient conditions of Picea koraiensis plantations

Zhou Lei,
Wang Shuli^,

School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China

摘要

摘要:
目的研究红皮云杉人工林培育过程中林分地力的变化状况以及阔叶树对红皮云杉人工林土壤营养的改善作用，为红皮云杉人工林的培育筛选适宜的混交树种和施肥营养元素。
方法在红皮云杉人工林和天然林中采集树叶、凋落物和土壤样品，实验室内使用碳氮分析仪测定样品C含量，凯氏定氮仪测定叶片和凋落物的N含量，连续流动分析仪测定土壤的N含量，硫酸−高氯酸消化−钼锑抗比色法测定样品P含量。
结果（1）4种红皮云杉人工林间土壤的C、N、P含量差异显著，3种混交林均大于纯林，其中红皮云杉胡桃楸混交林C、N、P含量最大；（2）4种红皮云杉人工林间土壤的C∶N、C∶P差异显著，3种混交林均小于纯林，其中，红皮云杉胡桃楸混交林C∶N、C∶P最小；（3）混交树种叶片及其凋落物的N、P含量差异显著，以黄檗为最低，胡桃楸为最高，但均高于红皮云杉；（4）混交树种叶片及其凋落物的C∶N、C∶P以黄檗为最高，胡桃楸为最低，但均显著低于红皮云杉；（5）混交林中混交树种叶片及其凋落物与土壤之间C、N、P含量及C∶N、C∶P的相关性皆高于同林型中红皮云杉叶片及其凋落物与土壤之间C、N、P含量及C∶N、C∶P的相关性。
结论依据树种叶片、凋落物及土壤部分的C含量、N含量、P含量、C∶N、C∶P和N: P，胡桃楸和水曲柳可做为红皮云杉人工林的适宜混交树种，培育过程中应注意解决N素和P素含量的不足。
- 红皮云杉人工林 /
- 叶片 /
- 凋落物 /
- 土壤营养 /
- 生态化学计量特征
Abstract:
ObjectiveExploring the changes of soil nutrient conditions and the improvement role of broadleaved tree species to the soil nutrients of Picea koraiensis plantations aims to select the suitable mixed species and fertilization elements for the cultivation of Picea koraiensis plantations.
MethodWe collected the sample of leaf, litter and soil from Picea koraiensis plantations and natural forest in the sample plots, and used carbon nitrogen analyzer to determine the C content of the samples, used Kjeldahl instrument to determine the N content of leaves and litter samples, used the continuous flow analyzer to determine the N content of the soil samples, and used sulfuric acid-perchloric acid digestion-molybdenum antimony colorimetry to determine the P content of the samples.
Result(1) The difference of C content, N content and P content in the soil of four plantation types was significant, pure Picea koraiensis plantation was lower than three mixed plantations, and highest in Picea koraiensis-Juglans mandshurica mixed plantations. (2) The difference of C:N and C:P in the soil of four plantation types was significant, pure Picea koraiensis plantation was higher than three mixed plantations, and lowest in Picea koraiensis-Juglans mandshurica mixed plantations. (3) The difference of N content and P content in the leaf and litter of three mixed species was significant, lowest in Phellodendron amurense, and highest in Juglans mandshurica, but all of them were higher than that of Picea koraiensis. (4) The C:N and C:P in the leaf and litter of mixed tree species were highest in Phellodendron amurense and lowest in Juglans mandshurica, but all of them were obvious lower than that of Picea koraiensis. (5) The correlations of C content, N content, P content, C:N and C:P between leaf and soil as well as between litter and soil were higher in the mixed species than that in Picea koraiensis.
ConclusionAccording to the C contents, N contents, P contents, C:N, C:P and N:P in the leaf, litter and soil parts of Picea koraiensis plantations, Juglans mandshurica and Fraxinus mandshurica should be prefer as the mixed tree species, more attention should be paid to the lack of N content and P content during the cultivation of Picea koraiensis plantations.
- Picea koraiensis plantation /
- leaf /
- litter /
- soil nutrient /
- ecological stoichiometric characteristics

HTML全文

图 1 红皮云杉人工林和天然林树种叶片−凋落物−土壤的C含量、N含量和P含量

不同小写字母表示不同林型间差异显著；不同大写字母表示不同组分间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。Different lowercase letters mean the difference is significant between varied plantation types; different capital letters mean the difference is significant between varied components (P < 0.05). The same below.

Figure 1. C content, N content and P content in the species leaf-litter-soil of Picea koraiensis plantations and natural forest

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图 2 红皮云杉人工林和天然林树种叶片、凋落物和土壤的生态化学计量特征

Figure 2. Ecological stoichiometric characteristics in the species leaf-litter-soil of Picea koraiensis plantations and natural forests

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 研究林分状况

Table 1 General information of the study plantations

林分类型 Plantation type	树种 Species	平均树高 Average tree height/m	平均胸径 Average DBH/cm	现存密度/（株·hm^{− 2}） Present density/ (tree·ha^{− 1})	郁闭度 Canopy density/%
红皮云杉纯林 Pure Picea koraiensis plantation (PP)	红皮云杉 Picea koraiensis	15.28	12.82	2 333	95
红皮云杉黄檗混交林 Picea koraiensis-Phellodendron amurens mixed plantations (PPheM)	黄檗 Phellodendron amurens	16.44	11.45	833	95
	红皮云杉 Picea koraiensis	15.67	12.90	1 967	95
红皮云杉水曲柳混交林 Picea koraiensis-Fraxinus mandshurica mixed plantations (PFM)	水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica	18.22	13.19	769	95
	红皮云杉 Picea koraiensis	16.83	13.56	1 346	95
红皮云杉胡桃楸混交林 Picea koraiensis-Juglans mandshurica mixed plantations (PJM)	胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	19.78	14.08	722	95
	红皮云杉 Picea koraiensis	17.89	13.79	1 430	95
天然林 Natural forest (NF)	水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica	17.75	14.86	950	90
天然林 Natural forest (NF)	胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	18.23	13.25	950	90

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表 2 红皮云杉人工林树种C含量、N含量、P含量在叶片、凋落物和土壤间的相关性

Table 2 Correlations of C content, N content, P content among species leaf, litter and soil of Picea koraiensis plantations

元素 Element	相关组分 Relative component	红皮云杉纯林 PP	红皮云杉黄檗混交林 PPheM		红皮云杉水曲柳混交林 PFM		红皮云杉胡桃楸混交林 PJM
元素 Element	相关组分 Relative component	红皮云杉 Picea koraiensis	黄檗 Phellodendron amurense	红皮云杉 Picea koraiensis	水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica	红皮云杉 Picea koraiensis	胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	红皮云杉 Picea koraiensis
C	叶片与凋落物 Leaf and litter	0.82**	0.548*	0.653*	0.507*	0.605*	0.410*	0.639*
	叶片与土壤 Leaf and soil	0.481*	0.701**	0.576*	0.745**	0.692**	0.791**	0.645*
	凋落物与土壤 Litter and soil	0.716**	0.814**	0.642*	0.674*	0.562*	0.860**	0.676*
N	叶片与凋落物 Leaf and litter	0.840**	0.693*	0.736**	0.723**	0.645*	0.641*	0.608*
	叶片与土壤 Leaf and soil	0.503*	0.646*	0.513*	0.804**	0.672*	0.748**	0.573*
	凋落物与土壤 Litter and soil	0.695*	0.765**	0.607*	0.704**	0.691**	0.820**	0.610*
P	叶片与凋落物 Leaf and litter	0.724**	0.696**	0.638*	0.512*	0.658*	0.607*	0.792**
	叶片与土壤 Leaf and soil	0.578*	0.529*	0.402*	0.612*	0.559*	0.694**	0.588*
	凋落物与土壤 Litter and soil	0.638*	0.754**	0.518*	0.733**	0.630*	0.784**	0.607*
注：*表示极显著相关（P < 0.01），表示显著相关（P < 0.05）。Notes: ** means extremely significant correlation at P < 0.01 level, * means significant correlation at P < 0.05 level.

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表 3 红皮云杉人工林树叶凋落物土壤系统的养分下降状况

Table 3 Decrease situation of nutrient in the leaf-litter-soil system of Picea koraiensis plantations

指标 Index	树叶 Leaf			凋落物 Litter			土壤 Soil
指标 Index	C含量 C content	N含量 N content	P含量 P content	C含量 C content	N含量 N content	P含量 P content	C含量 C content	N含量 N content	P含量 P content
红皮云杉人工混交林平均降低值 Average decrease value of PM/(g·kg^{− 1})	10.17	0.62	0.13	27.05	4.77	0.33	8.60	2.08	0.30
红皮云杉人工纯林平均降低值 Average decrease value of PP/(g·kg^{− 1})	36.70	6.97	0.64	26.67	10.38	0.90	19.62	5.17	0.77
红皮云杉人工混交林平均降低率 Average decrease rate of pure PM/%	2.10	2.18	7.03	6.56	17.79	18.54	10.58	16.98	15.87
红皮云杉人工纯林平均降低率 Average decrease rate of pure PP/%	7.58	24.46	34.81	6.46	38.72	50.56	24.13	42.20	40.74

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表 4 红皮云杉人工混交林树叶凋落物土壤系统的养分改善状况

Table 4 Improvement of nutrient in the leaf-litter-soil system of Picea koraiensis mixed plantations

指标 Index	树叶 Leaf			凋落物 Litter			土壤 Soil
指标 Index	C含量 C content	N含量 N content	P含量 P content	C含量 C content	N含量 N content	P含量 P content	C含量 C content	N含量 N content	P含量 P content
红皮云杉胡桃楸混交林平均提高值 Average increase value of PJM/(g·kg^{− 1})	30.29	7.67	0.61	12.50	7.61	0.76	17.42	4.65	0.66
红皮云杉水曲柳混交林平均提高值 Average increase value of PFM/(g·kg^{− 1})	33.72	7.25	0.50	− 4.20	5.99	0.61	11.92	3.20	0.49
红皮云杉黄檗混交林平均提高值 Average increase value of PPheM/(g·kg^{− 1})	15.59	4.16	0.42	− 9.43	3.24	0.34	3.70	1.41	0.24
红皮云杉混交林平均提高值 Average increase value of PM/(g·kg^{− 1})	26.53	6.35	0.51	− 0.38	5.61	0.57	11.02	3.09	0.47
红皮云杉胡桃楸混交林平均提高率 Average increase rate of PJM/%	6.77	35.65	50.58	3.24	46.29	86.36	28.24	65.65	59.29
红皮云杉水曲柳混交林平均提高率 Average increase rate of PFM/%	7.53	33.67	41.63	− 1.09	36.43	69.09	19.32	45.14	44.11
红皮云杉黄檗混交林平均提高率 Average increase rate of PPheM/%	3.48	19.32	35.16	− 2.44	19.73	38.64	6.00	19.94	21.61
红皮云杉混交林平均提高率 Average increase rate of PM/%	5.93	29.51	42.62	− 0.10	34.14	64.77	17.86	43.64	41.96

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