土壤大孔隙三维特征影响因素和测定方法研究进展

孟晨; 牛健植; 余海龙; 杜灵通; 尹正聪

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190158

土壤大孔隙三维特征影响因素和测定方法研究进展

孟晨^{1, 2,},
牛健植³,
余海龙⁴,
杜灵通^{1, 2},
尹正聪⁵

1.
宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态系统恢复省部共建国家重点实验室培养基地，宁夏银川 750021
2.
宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室，宁夏银川 750021
3.
北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083
4.
宁夏大学资源环境学院，宁夏银川 750021
5.
德克萨斯A&M大学地理学院，美国德克萨斯 77843

基金项目: 宁夏自然科学基金项目（2019AAC03045），国家自然科学基金项目（41961001、41967027），宁夏重点研发计划项目（2019BFG02010）

详细信息

作者简介:
孟晨，助理研究员。主要研究方向：水土保持与土壤水文。Email：mengchen@nxu.edu.cn　地址：750021宁夏回族自治区银川市西夏区贺兰山西路489号

中图分类号: 210.5010
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-03-21
- 修回日期: 2019-12-02
- 网络出版日期: 2020-10-14
- 发布日期: 2020-12-13

Research progress in influencing factors and measuring methods of three-dimensional characteristics of soil macropores

1.
Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecosystem Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
3.
School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
4.
College of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
5.
Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Austin 77843, Texas, USA

摘要

摘要: 土壤大孔隙是优先流的主要通道，对土壤水分、空气和化学物质及污染物的优先运移起着重要作用，土壤大孔隙三维形态特征的量化分析及影响因素研究是目前大孔隙的研究重点，研究成果可为理解土壤水分运动机理及评估地下水污染等提供科学支撑。本文从大孔隙三维形态特征参数的定义（大孔隙体积、表面积、长度、数量、迂曲度、倾斜角度、路径数量、孔径、节点、连接度、圆度等），各参数测定方法及软件（Avizo 9.0、VG Studio MAX 2.2、Arc/Info 10.0、ImageJ等），大孔隙特征影响因素（根系、土壤动物、干湿及冻融交替、人为因素等）3个方面，综合介绍了土壤大孔隙三维特征的研究现状及进展，并基于此预测了今后的研究趋势，以期为今后大孔隙三维特征的深入研究提供参考。
- CT扫描 /
- 大孔隙形态 /
- 几何结构 /
- 量化方法 /
- 三维重建
Abstract: Macropore is the main channel for preferential flow, therefore it largely impacts the transportation of water, air, and chemical materials in soil. Recently, it has become a focus of interest for quantitative analysis and influencing factors of three-dimensional(3D) morphological characteristics of soil macropores, since it could provide fundamental explanations for water soil movement patterns and groundwater pollution assessment. This paper examines state-of-the-art research development regarding 3D morphological characteristics of soil macropore by revisiting the concept (macropore volume, surface area, length, number, tortuosity, inclination angle, path number, macropore diameter, node, connectivity, roundness, etc.), quantitative measurements and software (Avizo 9.0, VG Studio MAX 2.2, Arc/Info 10.0, Image J, etc.) and impact factors (root system, soil animal, alternation of dry wet and freeze-thaw, human factors, etc.) of soil macropore characteristics. On the basis of summarizing the current research status, this paper summarizes the relevant research conclusions, and also proposes the direction of future work by reviewing current work.
- CT scan /
- macropore morphology /
- geometry /
- quantitative method /
- three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction

HTML全文

图 1 不同控制措施土壤大孔隙三维可视图

引自文献[30]。Cited from reference [30].

Figure 1. Three-dimensional(3D) visualization of soil macropores with different control measures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 大孔隙特征及其定义

Table 1 Characteristics and definition of macropores

大孔隙特征 Macropore characteristics	定义 Definition
体积密度 Volume density/(mm³·mm⁻³)	单位土柱体积内大孔隙的总体积 Total volume of macropores per unit volume of soil column^[19-20]
表面积密度 Surface area density/(mm²·mm⁻³)	单位土柱体积内大孔隙的总表面积 Total surface area of macropores per unit volume of soil column^[19-20]
长度密度 Length density/(mm·mm⁻³)	单位土柱体积内大孔隙的总实际长度 Total actual length of macropores per unit volume of soil column^[20]
网络密度(数量密度) Network density (quantity density)/(number·mm⁻³)	单位土柱体积内大孔隙的总数量 Total number of macropores per unit volume of soil column^[20-24]
迂曲度 Tortuosity	大孔隙的实际长度与直线长度的比值，可表示大孔隙的弯曲程度 Ratio of actual length of macropores to the length of straight lines, indicating the bending degree of macropores^{[20, 25]}
倾斜角度 Inclination angle/(°)	大孔隙的纵向与地平面的夹角，表示大孔隙的倾斜程度 Angle between vertical direction of macropores and ground plane, indicating the inclination degree of macropores^{[18, 20, 23, 25-26]}
路径数量 Number of path	连续且独立的穿透土柱顶端及底端的大孔隙的数量 Number of continuous and independent macropores penetrating top and bottom of column^[19]
平均孔径 Average diameter of macropore/mm	单位体积内所有大孔隙直径的平均值 Average value of all macropore diameter per unit volume^[20]
节点数量 Number of node	连接两个大孔隙分支的交叉点数量 Number of intersections connecting two macropore branches^[19]
节点密度/(个·mm⁻³) Node density/(number·mm⁻³)	单位体积土壤内大孔隙节点的数量 Number of macropore nodes per unit volume soil^[19]
连接度 Connectivity	大孔隙空间内两点间独立路径的数量，连接土壤表面和底部的大孔隙数量 Number of independent paths between two points in macropore space, and the number of macropores connecting the surface and bottom of soil^{[24, 27]}
圆度 Roundness	大孔隙表面积接近理论圆的程度 Degree of surface area of macropores approaching the theoretical circle^[28]

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 大孔隙特征测定方法及其精度

Table 2 Measuring method and precision of macropore characteristics

计算软件 Computing software	能得到的大孔隙特征 Available macropore characteristics	测定精度 Accuracy of measurement
Avizo 9.0	体积、表面积、长度、数量、倾斜角度、迂曲度、路径数量、节点数量、节点密度、孔径、连接度等 Volume, surface area, length, number, inclination angle, tortuosity, number of path, number of node, node density, diameter of macropore, connectivity, etc.	毫米级 Millimeter-scale
VG Studio MAX 2.2	体积、表面积、长度、网络密度/数量密度、倾斜角度、迂曲度、孔径、连接度等 Volume, surface area, length, network density/quantity density, inclination angle, tortuosity, diameter of macropore, connectivity, etc.	毫米级 Millimeter-scale
Arc/Info 10.0	体积、网络密度/数量密度、孔径、圆度等 Volume, network density/quantity density, diameter of macropore, roundness, etc.	毫米级 Millimeter-scale
ImageJ	体积、表面积、长度、网络密度/数量密度、连接度、迂曲度、路径数量等 Volume, surface area, length, network density/quantity density, connectivity, tortuosity, number of path, etc.	毫米级 Millimeter-scale

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