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    孔阳, 王思元. 基于MSPA模型的北京市延庆区城乡生态网络构建[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(7): 113-121. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190271
    引用本文: 孔阳, 王思元. 基于MSPA模型的北京市延庆区城乡生态网络构建[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(7): 113-121. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190271
    Kong Yang, Wang Siyuan. Construction of urban and rural ecological network in Yanqing District of Beijing based on MSPA model[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(7): 113-121. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190271
    Citation: Kong Yang, Wang Siyuan. Construction of urban and rural ecological network in Yanqing District of Beijing based on MSPA model[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(7): 113-121. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190271

    基于MSPA模型的北京市延庆区城乡生态网络构建

    Construction of urban and rural ecological network in Yanqing District of Beijing based on MSPA model

    • 摘要:
        目的  随着北京城市化的快速发展,北京生态环境趋于恶化,城市生态安全面临着巨大的挑战。生态网络的构建能够减缓快速城市化带来的城乡景观格局破碎化等危害,对保护城市生物多样性意义重大。
        方法  本文选取北京市延庆区作为研究区,基于ArcGIS软件平台,对北京市延庆区遥感影像进行解译得到土地覆被类型,将土地覆被类型分为前景和背景,采用形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)方法得到7类景观类型,将其中的核心区识别为重要生态源地,运用最小耗费距离模型和网络分析法得到最佳阈值下的生态网络,在此基础上提出延庆区的生态网络优化建议。
        结果  (1)延庆区整体破碎度较低,不同类型间的物质和能量迁移比较通畅,整体景观多样性较高,但城市内生境斑块数目较少,廊道较为匮乏。(2)最适合延庆区生态网络现状结构的距离阈值为20 000 m,此时网络闭合度α为0.73。(3)林地、耕地是研究区域潜在生态廊道的重要构成景观类型,其中林地面积最大,为17 452.9 hm2,占廊道总面积的81.1%。
        结论  MSPA方法具有评价几何连通性较准确细致、需要的数据量小、分析结果可视化等优点,而网络分析法可以对生态网络进行优化,因此基于MSPA方法和网络分析法对延庆区的生态网络构建精度更加细致准确,研究结果对延庆区的生态网络构建以及生物多样性的保护具有指导作用和实践价值,同时能够为其他地区的生态网络构建提供参考。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  With the rapid development of Beijing’s urbanization, Beijing’s ecological environment tends to deteriorate and urban ecological security faces enormous challenges. The construction of ecological network can mitigate the damage caused by the rapid urbanization and the fragmentation of urban and rural landscapes and is of great significance for the protection of urban biodiversity.
        Method  This paper selects Yanqing District of Beijing as the research area. Based on the ArcGIS software platform, the remote sensing image of Yanqing District of Beijing was interpreted to obtain the land cover type. The land cover type was divided into foreground and background by the ArcGIS. The analysis method (MSPA) obtained seven types of landscape types and identified the core area as an important ecological source. The accumulative cost distance model and the network analysis were used to obtain the ecological network under the best threshold. Based on this, the ecological network optimization proposal of Yanqing District was proposed.
        Result  (1) The overall fragmentation degree in Yanqing District was low, the material and energy migration among different types were relatively smooth and the overall landscape diversity was higher, but the number of habitat patches in the city was less and the corridor was scarce; (2) the distance threshold, which was most suitable for the current structure of the ecological network in Yanqing District was 20 000 m and the network closure degree α was 0.73; (3) woodland and cultivated land were important landscape types of potential ecological corridors in the study area and forest area was the largest, it was 17 452.9 ha, accounting for 81.1% of the total corridor area.
        Conclusion  The MSPA method has the advantages of accurate and detailed evaluation of geometric connectivity, small amount of data required and visualization of analysis results. The network analysis method could optimize the ecological network. Therefore, based on the MSPA method and network analysis method, the accuracy of the ecological network construction in Yanqing District is more detailed and accurate. The research results have important guiding and practical value for the construction of ecological network and biodiversity protection in Yanqing District. The ecological network construction in Yanqing District could provide a reference for the other areas.

       

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