Abstract: China’s forestry development has entered a new stage and the ecological construction has been a main task of forestry construction. Cultivating healthy, stable, high-quality and efficient forest ecosystems has become the goal to meet the overall requirements of the construction of ecological civilization in the new era. The key to achieving this goal is to improve the structure of forests, accelerate forest growth and forward succession, improve the productivity and quality of forests by adopting scientific and rational management measures. Based on a brief review of the forest management objectives and techniques in different stages of forestry construction in China, this paper reviews the theories and techniques of forest management independently developed in China since forestry construction entered the stage of ecological construction, focusing on the technical system of “ecological harvesting and regeneration”, “natural forest conservation and restoration” and “structural-based forest management” summarized from three aspects: theoretical basis, core technology and application practice, in order to provide a basis for precise upgrading of forest quality currently being implemented in China.