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    董灵波, 蔺雪莹, 刘兆刚. 大兴安岭盘古林场森林碳汇木材复合经营规划[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(8): 1-11. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190331
    引用本文: 董灵波, 蔺雪莹, 刘兆刚. 大兴安岭盘古林场森林碳汇木材复合经营规划[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(8): 1-11. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190331
    Dong Lingbo, Lin Xueying, Liu Zhaogang. Forest carbon sink-timber compound management planning of Pangu Forest Farm in Great Xing’an Mountains of northeastern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(8): 1-11. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190331
    Citation: Dong Lingbo, Lin Xueying, Liu Zhaogang. Forest carbon sink-timber compound management planning of Pangu Forest Farm in Great Xing’an Mountains of northeastern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(8): 1-11. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190331

    大兴安岭盘古林场森林碳汇木材复合经营规划

    Forest carbon sink-timber compound management planning of Pangu Forest Farm in Great Xing’an Mountains of northeastern China

    • 摘要:
        目的  长期以来,我国森林经营研究主要集中在林分(或样地)尺度上,以期总结出适用于各种林型的最优经营模式,而忽略了不同经营选项的时空配置问题。因此,本文将在传统木材收获规划模型的基础上引入碳增量目标建立能够兼顾不同择伐强度时空配置的多目标空间经营规划模型,以期为我国森林资源的多目标经营管理提供理论依据和技术支撑。
        方法  本研究在森林分类经营思想指导下,以大兴安岭塔河林业局盘古林场为研究对象,以规划周期内木材生产和地上乔木层碳增量的经济收益为经营目标,以规划期内木材均衡收获、期末碳储量及择伐措施时空分布为主要约束,最后采用模拟退火算法建立经营单位尺度森林多目标空间经营规划模型;基于该模型,在我国当前碳贸易和木材市场的双重约束下,确定盘古林场50年规划期内最优森林经营方案,分析最优森林经营方案内各分期木材收获量、碳增量以及择伐措施的时空分布特征。
        结果  当碳价格为120元/t时,盘古林场50年规划周期内碳汇木材复合经营的经济收益可达1.54 × 108元,其中木材收益1.37 × 108元,碳收益0.17 × 108元;规划期内木材产量累计达1.78 × 106 m3,碳增量达1.68 × 106 t,期末碳储量达5.99 × 106 t,单位面积平均碳储量较规划期初增加了约38.98%;规划期内受保护面积44.36%,总择伐面积48.01%,未经营面积7.63%,其中重度择伐面积约占研究区域总面积的41.78%;同时,各分期内不同择伐作业方式的配置存在显著差异,其中重度择伐作业的收获蓄积、择伐面积以及择伐小班数量均占各自总体的90%以上;最优森林经营方案具有显著的空间分布特征,但均符合规划模型的各项约束条件。
        结论  森林碳汇木材复合经营规划结果具有多方面优势:(1)均衡收获能够保证整个经营单位在规划期内始终获得相对稳定的经济收入,从而保障林区经济社会的可持续发展;(2)期末碳储量约束能够有效避免森林资源的过度采伐,进而确保森林碳汇效益的持续发挥;(3)规划模型能够在兼顾森林木材生产和碳汇功能的同时合理安排经营措施的时空分布,这些均对我国森林资源的多目标经营管理具有重要借鉴意义,但进一步研究和确定恰当的约束参数是构建切实可行的森林多目标经营规划的关键。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  To provide the optimal forest management paradigm for various forest types, the research of forest management in our country had mainly been performed on the scale of forest stand (or sample plot), however the importance of temporal and spatial configuration of alternative thinning treatments had been ignored for a long term. Therefore, a spatial explicitly forest management planning model was developed by integrating forest carbon increment objective into traditional timber harvest scheduling problem, which can provide some new theories and technologies for the multi-objective management of forest resources in China.
        Method  With the guidance of forest category management theory, a practical forest multi-objective spatial management planning model (FMS), including the forest timber production and carbon increments of aboveground tree-layer, was developed for the Pangu Forest Farm in Great Xing’an Mountains of northeastern China using the simulated annealing algorithm. To improve the practicality of the planning model, FMS subjected to the even-flow constraints of harvest volume, the inventory constraint of forest carbon stocks, and the spatial constraints of different thinning treatments. Based on FMS and the constraints of carbon trading and timber market in China, the optimal forest management plans for a 50-years planning horizon of Pangu Forest Farm was optimized. Then, the amount of timber harvest, the amount of carbon increments, and the temporal and spatial configuration of alternative thinning treatments for each period were quantificationally analyzed.
        Result  The joint net present value (NPV) of timber production and carbon increments during the 50-years planning horizon for Pangu Forest Farm was as large as 1.54 × 108 CNY, in which the NPVs of timber production and carbon increments were 1.37 × 108 and 0.17 × 108 CNY, respectively when the carbon price was assumed as 120 CNY/t. The amount of harvest timber and carbon increments during the planning horizon were estimated as 1.78 × 106 m3 and 1.68 × 106 t, and the carbon stock of aboveground tree biomass was 5.99 × 106 t, in which the carbon stock of aboveground tree biomass at the ending of planning horizon increased by 38.98% with respect to that at the beginning of planning horizon. Within the optimal management plan, the protected area, thinned area and no-thinned area accounted for 44.36%, 48.01% and 7.63%, respectively, in which the thinned area with high intensity accounted for 41.78% of the total forest area in this region. In addition, some significant differences were observed among the configuration of alternative management activities for each period, in which the amount of harvest volume and thinned area, as well as the number of thinned sub-compartments all accounted for approximately 90% of their gross for each period. The distributions of thinning treatments presented significantly spatial characteristics for the optimal management plans, however the pattern was all conformed with the constraints.
        Conclusion  The outputs of FMS have some significant advantages: (1) forest managers always can obtain some pediocratic economic benefits for each period due to the even-flow constraints of harvest volume; (2) the forest resources can be protected from over-harvesting due to the inventory constraints of carbon stocks, which are meaningful to promote the function of forest carbon sequestration; (3) the forest planning model can provide the optimal temporal and spatial configuration of forest management activities. Obviously, all these advantages are helpful for the multi-objective management of forest resources in our country. However, the values of some key constraint parameters still need further research to improve the practicality of the proposed planning model in future.

       

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