北京市21种植物的叶片吸水性能与冠层雨水截留能力研究

王思思; 龙佳; 丁涵

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190379

北京市21种植物的叶片吸水性能与冠层雨水截留能力研究

王思思^{1, 2,},
龙佳¹,
丁涵¹

1.
北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室，北京 100044
2.
北京未来城市设计高精尖创新中心，北京 100044

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31870704）

详细信息

作者简介:
王思思，博士，副教授。主要研究方向：雨水控制利用、水景观生态规划设计。Email：wangsisi@bucea.edu.cn 　地址：100044北京市西城区展览馆路1号北京建筑大学

中图分类号: S731.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-09-29
- 修回日期: 2020-03-27
- 网络出版日期: 2020-09-09
- 发布日期: 2020-09-29

Leaf water absorption and canopy rainfall interception of twenty-one plant species in Beijing

Wang Sisi^{1, 2,},
Long Jia¹,
Ding Han¹

1.
Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
2.
Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China

摘要

摘要:
目的植物冠层截留雨水对削减雨水径流起到重要作用，而植物叶片吸水性能与植物冠层截留雨水的能力息息相关。
方法为了评估植物冠层对雨水的截留能力，通过浸水实验、实地测量、航片分析等方法，对北京市21种不同类型植物叶片吸水量、冠层截留量和冠层截留体积进行计算。
结果研究表明：（1）吸水量与浸水时间呈对数函数关系；（2）植物叶片吸水过程可划分为3个阶段，乔木和灌木的叶片吸水过程类似，20 min时叶片吸水量均值分别为0.17 g和0.05 g，80 min时叶片吸水量均值分别为0.18 g和0.06 g，120 min时叶片吸水量均值分别为0.18 g和0.06 g；草本植物叶片20 min时叶片吸水量均值为0.13 g，40 min时叶片吸水量均值为0.27 g，120 min时叶片吸水量均值为0.21 g；（3）11种乔木的冠层雨水截留量在71.30 ~ 738.72 g/m²之间，6种灌木的冠层雨水截留量在41.79 ~ 275.28 g/m²之间，4种草本的冠层雨水截留量在57.82 ~ 217.49 g/m²之间，常绿针叶植物冠层截留量明显高于落叶阔叶植物；（4）部分灌木和草本植物冠层截留量比部分乔木冠层截留量高，如黄杨、鸢尾；（5）植物冠层截留体积与冠层覆盖面积、植物冠层截留量呈正相关关系，常绿针叶乔木+常绿灌木+草本搭配组合的冠层截留体积最大；（6）雪松+黄杨+鸢尾群落冠层的多年平均降雨截留量占总降雨量的比例为11.57%，对小降雨事件有显著截留效果。
结论不同植物种类及配置对城市绿地雨水截留能力有影响，本研究可为构建高截留能力植物群落及海绵城市绿地建设提供参考。
- 浸水法 /
- 叶片吸水量 /
- 冠层截留 /
- 叶面积指数 /
- 北京市
Abstract:
Objective The rainfall interception by plant canopy plays an important role in reducing stormwater runoff, and the water absorption performance of plant leaves is closely related to the ability of plant canopy to intercept rainfall.
Method In order to evaluate the interception ability of plant canopy, the leaf water absorption, canopy interception quantity and canopy interception volume of 21 plant species in Beijing were calculated by water immersion experiment, field measurement and aerial image analysis.
Result Research showed that: (1) the relationship between water absorption and immersion time was logarithmic; (2) the water absorption process of plant leaves can be divided into three stages. The water absorption process of trees and shrubs was similar. The mean water absorption of leaves at 20 min was 0.17 and 0.05 g, respectively; the mean water absorption of leaves at 80 min was 0.18 and 0.06 g, respectively; and the mean water absorption of leaves at 120 min was 0.18 and 0.06 g, respectively. The average water absorption of herb leaves was 0.13 g at 20 min, 0.27 g at 40 min, and 0.21 g at 120 min; (3) the canopy rainfall interception of 11 arbor species was between 71.30 and 738.72 g/m², and the canopy rainfall interception of 6 shrub species was 41.79−275.28 g/m², the canopy rainfall interception of 4 herb species ranged from 57.82 to 217.49 g/m², and the canopy interception of evergreen conifers was significantly higher than that of deciduous broadleaved plants; (4) canopy interception of some shrubs and herbs was higher than that of some arbors, such as Buxus sinica and Iris tectorum; (5) the plant canopy interception volume was positively correlated with canopy cover area and plant canopy interception quantity, the evergreen coniferous tree + evergreen shrub + herb combination had the largest canopy interception volume; (6) the ratio of average annual rainfall interception of the Cedrus deodara +Buxus sinica + Iris tectorum community canopy to the total rainfall was 11.57%, which had a significant interception effect on small rainfall events.
Conclusion Different plant types and configurations have an impact on urban green space rainfall interception capacity. This study can provide reference for the construction of high retention capacity plant communities and sponge city green space construction.
- immersion method /
- leaf water absorption /
- canopy interception /
- leaf area index /
- Beijing City

HTML全文

图 1 前5种乔木叶片吸水量

Figure 1. Leaf water absorption of the first 5 arbor species

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图 2 后6种乔木叶片吸水量

Figure 2. Leaf water absorption of the last 6 arbor species

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图 3 灌木叶片吸水量

Figure 3. Shrub leaf water absorption

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图 4 草本植物叶片吸水量

Figure 4. Herb leaf water absorption

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图 5 21种植物冠层截留量排序

Figure 5. Sequence of canopy interception quantity of 21 plant species

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图 6 13种植物冠层截留体积排序

Figure 6. Sequence of canopy interception volume of 13 plant species

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图 7 10组典型植物群落冠层截留体积

Figure 7. Canopy interception volume of 10 typical plant communities

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图 8 北京市降雨事件与降雨量关系曲线示意图（1982—2011年）

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of the relationship between rainfall events and rainfall in Beijing (1982−2011)

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图 9 植物群落的场降雨截留率与降雨量的关系示意图

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of the relationship between interception rate of single rainfall event and rainfall

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图 10 本研究叶片单位面积吸水量与相关研究比较

Figure 10. Leaf water absorption per unit area compared with the related study

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表 1 试验区基础数据

Table 1 Basic data in experimental area

研究区域 Experimental area	绿地性质 Classification of green space	建成年代 Year of completion	占地面积 Site area/m²	建筑面积 Construction area/m²	绿化覆盖率 Green coverage/%	乔木冠层覆盖面积 Arbor canopy cover area/m²	灌木冠层覆盖面积 Shrub canopy cover area/m²	草本冠层覆盖面积 Herb canopy cover area/m²
恭王府 Prince Kung’s Mansion	公园绿地 Public park	1785	61 120	32 260	46	23 054	5 060	6 466
中央音乐学院 Central Conservatory of Music	附属绿地 Attached green space	1940	54 446	87 485	23	9 767	3 130	3 882
北京口腔医院 Beijing Stomatological Hospital	附属绿地 Attached green space	1945	23 000	28 659	20	3 680	874	1 150
前门大街 Qianmen Street	附属绿地 Attached green space	1550	22 300	−	22	4 464	294	147
菊儿胡同 Juer Hutong	附属绿地 Attached green space	1985	14 600	18 666	24	3 188	280	70
荣宁园小区 Rongningyuan Community	附属绿地 Attached green space	2001	18 500	80 300	15	1 942	888	1 137
注：− 代表无建筑面积。Note: − indicates no construction area.

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表 2 21种植物冠层截留量

Table 2 Canopy interception of 21 plant species

类型 Class	类别 Type	种名 Species name	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	叶片单位面积吸水量 Leaf water absorption per unit area/(g·m⁻²)	单株植物冠层覆盖面积 Individual plant canopy coverage/m²	植物冠层截留量 Plant canopy interception/(g·m⁻²)
乔木 Arbor	常绿针叶 Evergreen needle	圆柏 Sabina chinensis	5.13	144	20.25	738.72
		雪松 Cedrus deodara	5.84	121	58.50	706.64
		油松 Pinus tabuliformis	4.72	145	64.00	684.40
	落叶阔叶 Deciduous broadleaf	毛白杨 Populus tomentosa	3.77	69	45.50	260.13
		玉兰 Magnolia denudata	4.55	33	19.78	150.15
		银杏 Ginkgo biloba	3.50	32	63.08	112.00
		碧桃 Amygdalus persica ‘Duplex’	3.16	34	22.50	107.44
		西府海棠 Malus × micromalus	3.50	30	28.08	105.00
		白丁香 Syringa oblata var. alba	2.78	31	55.76	86.18
		紫叶李 Prunus cerasifera f. atropurpurea	2.50	30	21.20	75.00
		旱柳 Salix matsudana	3.10	23	48.28	71.30
灌木 Shrub	常绿 Evergreen	黄杨 Buxus sinica	4.44	62	−	275.28
	常绿 Evergreen	金叶女贞 Ligustrum × vicaryi	4.16	43	−	178.88
	落叶 Deciduous	连翘 Forsythia suspensa	1.90	48	8.40	91.20
		榆叶梅 Amygdalus triloba	2.10	36	9.80	75.60
		月季 Rosa chinensis	2.57	27	−	69.39
		紫叶小檗 Berberis thunbergii ‘Atropurpurea’	1.99	21	−	41.79
草本 Herb		鸢尾 Iris tectorum	5.83	37	−	217.49
		玉簪 Hosta plantaginea	3.35	42	−	142.80
		沿阶草 Ophiopogon bodinieri	4.76	30	−	139.92
		八宝 Hylotelephium erythrostictum	4.13	14	−	57.82
注：− 表示植物常为丛生或者簇生种植模式，不进行单株冠幅面积测定。Notes: − indicates that plants are often planted in clusters, and the canopy area of a single plant is not measured.

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