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    康向阳. 关于林木育种策略的思考[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(12): 15-22. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190412
    引用本文: 康向阳. 关于林木育种策略的思考[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(12): 15-22. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190412
    Kang Xiangyang. Thoughts on tree breeding strategies[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(12): 15-22. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190412
    Citation: Kang Xiangyang. Thoughts on tree breeding strategies[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(12): 15-22. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190412

    关于林木育种策略的思考

    Thoughts on tree breeding strategies

    • 摘要: 我国人工林培育水平较低,其原因与林木育种领域投入的人力和财力不足、对育种策略的重视和执行力不够等原因有关,导致树种遗传改良最基本的育种循环难以维持,无法支撑树种遗传改良水平持续提升和人工林生产力的提高。本文综合分析国内外林木育种发展经验以及理论和技术成果,提出林木育种策略制定和执行需重视的几点问题:品种具有地域性和时间性以及经济属性,生态价值则属于种植改良品种所产生的附属效益,要制定科学、具体且有一定市场竞争优势的育种目标和育种周期;在此基础上强化树种基本群体、选择群体和育种群体建设与管理,采用科学的试验设计及分析方法保证准确而高效地开展遗传测定和选择,持续推进高轮次育种群体构建,并合理采用促进开花结实、相关选择或分子标记辅助选择等技术加快交配和选择进程,不断提高基本群体和选择群体遗传品质,甚至实现强优势远缘杂交品种的生产应用。对于能够无性繁殖的树种,可在一定的遗传改良阶段施加理化诱变、染色体加倍处理,进一步增加有益变异积累和利用。而对于已应用于生产却仍有不足的优良品种,可以采用遗传转化和基因编辑等分子育种进一步优化等。其中交配、遗传测定和选择是育种循环的核心以及进一步实施其他育种技术的基础,需要给予足够的重视和持续的坚持。

       

      Abstract: The low level of plantation cultivation in China is due to insufficient investment in manpower and financial resources in the field of tree breeding, and insufficient attention and implementation of breeding strategies. It leads to the difficulty of maintaining the basic breeding cycle of tree genetic improvement, and can not sustain the continuous improvement of the genetic improvement level of trees and the improvement of plantation productivity. This article comprehensively analyzed the development experience, theory and technology achievements of tree breeding at home and abroad, and put forward several issues that need to be paid attention to in the formulation and implementation of tree breeding strategies. Varieties have regionality, temporality and economic attributes. Ecological value belongs to the subsidiary benefits of planting improved varieties. It is necessary to formulate breeding objectives and breeding cycles that are scientific, specific and have certain market competitive advantages. On this basis, the construction and management of base population, selected population and breeding population of tree species should be strengthened. Scientific experimental design and analysis methods should be adopted to ensure accurate and efficient genetic testing and selection. We should continuously push on the construction of advanced-cycle breeding population, and rationally adopt techniques such as promoting flowering and fruiting, related selection or marker assisted selection to accelerate the process of mating and selection, continuously improve the genetic quality of base populations and selected populations, and even achieve the production and application of distant hybrid varieties with super-strong advantages. For the species that can reproduce asexually, physical and chemical mutagenesis and chromosome doubling can be applied at a certain stage of genetic improvement to further increase the accumulation and utilization of beneficial mutations. For the excellent varieties that have been applied to production but still have insufficient, further optimization can be carried out by molecular breeding such as genetic transformation and gene editing. Mating, genetic testing and selection are the core of the breeding cycle and the basis for further implementation of other breeding techniques, which need to be given more attention.

       

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