Effects of styrene-acrylic emulsion doping on the properties of geopolymer wood adhesives
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摘要:目的 地质聚合物因兼顾合成有机胶黏剂的高强度与无机胶黏剂的耐候性等特点，在人造板木材胶黏剂中具有巨大的应用潜力，但无机网络的高脆性与低界面相容性限制了其与木材的胶接强度。本研究以提高地质聚合物的基体韧性及其与木材的剪切性能为目的，采用地质聚合物为原料制备木材胶黏剂，探索地质聚合物在木材胶黏剂领域应用的可能性，旨在从原料角度解决人造板产品甲醛释放的危害。方法 采用苯丙乳液（苯乙烯−丙烯酸酯）作为有机掺杂物，以偏高岭土（MK）为地质聚合物原料，以γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH-550）为偶联剂，经碱激发、有机掺杂和养护成型制备有机掺杂地质聚合物木材胶黏剂，通过调节苯丙乳液含量和养护工艺，研究其对地质聚合物基体性能及其与木材剪切性能的影响。结果 相比于纯地质聚合物，苯丙乳液会降低地质聚合物基体的抗压与抗折强度，使压折比降低至6.09，剪切强度升高至2.6 MPa，接触角降低了4.1%，增加基体表面微孔尺寸与裂缝数量；添加KH-550后，基体抗压与抗折强度仍有所降低，但其明显改善了胶黏剂性能，压折比降低为5.96，剪切强度升高至3.6 MPa，接触角降低了25.7%，基体表面微孔尺寸变小，裂缝减少，结构更紧密。硅烷在基体中起偶联作用，使苯丙乳液与地质聚合物产生化学连接。结论 苯丙乳液有机掺杂与硅烷偶联协同作用，在偏高岭土基地质聚合物中形成韧性膜，虽然降低了偏高岭土基地质聚合物基体强度，但能较好地改善其脆性，达到增韧效果，并且能够提高地质聚合物与木材的界面相容性，从而增强地质聚合物木材胶黏剂的剪切强度。Abstract:Objective Geopolymer has great research potential in wood adhesive industry due to its high mechanical properties and weather resistance. But the high brittleness and low interfacial compatibility of the inorganic network limit its bonding strength with wood. In order to increase the toughness and the shear strength, the study used geopolymer as raw material of wood adhesives to explore the application possibility of geopolymer in the field of wood adhesives and solve the harm of formaldehyde emission from wood-based panel products from the perspective of raw materials.Method In this experiment, the geopolymer adhesive took styrene-acrylic emulsion as the adulterant, metakaolin (MK) as the raw material and silane (KH-550) as the coupling agent, activated by alkali and then cured to solid. Though adjusting the content of styrene-acrylic emulsion and curing process, the characteristics of geopolymer matrix and its effect on shear performance of geopolymer-based wood adhesive were obtained.Result Compared with pure geopolymer, adding styrene-acrylic emulsion decreased the compressive strength and the flexural strength of the geopolymer matrix, reduced the compression-flexure ratio to 6.09, improved the shear strength to 2.6 MPa, decreased the contact angle by 4.1% as well as increased roughness of the surface of geopolymer by creating more plastic cavities and microcracks. The addition of KH-550, though decreased the compressive strength and the flexural strength, significantly promoted the modification. The compression-flexure ratio was reduced to 5.96; the shear strength was increased to 3.6 MPa; the contact angle was decreased by 25.7%; the surface’s cavities were smaller and the microstructure was more tight. The silane played a coupling role in the matrix, which makes the styrene-acrylic emulsion chemically link with the geopolymer.Conclusion Styrene-acrylic emulsion organic doping and silane coupling work synergistically to form a tough film in metakaolin-based geopolymer which improves geopolymer’s brittleness and achieve a toughening effect, and to improve the interfacial compatibility of the geopolymer and wood, thus enhancing the shear strength of the geopolymer-based wood adhesive.
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Keywords:
- wood adhesive /
- geopolymer /
- metakaolin /
- styrene-acrylic emulsion /
- silane /
- shear strength /
- compression-flexure ratio
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图 1 苯丙乳液掺杂量对地质聚合物抗压强度与抗折强度的影响
Figure 1. Effects of styrene-acrylic emulsion addition on the compressive strength and flexural strength of geopolymers
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图 2 1% KH-550与苯丙乳液掺杂量对地质聚合物抗压强度与抗折强度的影响
Figure 2. Effects of 1% KH-550 and styrene-acrylic emulsion doping addition on the compressive strength and flexural strength of geopolymers
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图 3 苯丙乳液与1% KH-550掺杂对地质聚合物压折比的影响
Figure 3. Effects of styrene-acrylic emulsion content and 1% KH-550 doping addition on the compressive-flexure ratio of geopolymers
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图 4 不同有机掺杂量胶黏剂对胶合木剪切强度的影响
Figure 4. Effects of different organic doping adhesives onshear strength of glued wood
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图 5 涂抹不同有机掺杂胶黏剂的剪切后试件
Figure 5. Sheared specimens using adhesives with different organic dopants
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图 6 苯丙乳液掺杂量对偏高岭土微观结构的影响（放大倍数为500）
Figure 6. Effects of styrene-acrylic emulsion addition on the microstructure of metakaolin （magnification of 500）
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图 7 苯丙乳液（6%或4%）和1% KH-550掺杂量地质聚合物微观结构及其苯丙乳液分布
Figure 7. Microstructure and styrene-acrylic emulsion distribution of geopolymer with 6% or 4%styrene-acrylic emulsion and 1% KH-550 addition
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图 9 偏高岭土基地质聚合物基体改性前后的红外光谱图
Figure 9. Infrared spectra before and after modification of metakaolin geopolymer matrix
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图 10 改性前后地质聚合物在木材表面的初始接触角变化
Figure 10. Initial contact angle changes of geopolymer on wood surface before and after modification
表 1 偏高岭土的化学组分表
Table 1 Chemical composite of metakaolin
化合物 Compound SiO2 Al2O3 C TiO2 P2O5 Fe2O3 N CaO K2O 质量分数 Mass fraction 48.27% 45.73% 2.56% 1.36% 0.50% 0.48% 0.38% 0.16% 0.14% 注：本数据由X射线荧光光谱法分析所得。Note: the data are analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. 
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表 2 木破率和剪切强度之间的对应关系
Table 2 Correspondence between wood breaking rate and shear strength
项目
Item剪切强度
Shear strength/MPa最小木破率
Minimum wood breaking rate/%平均 Average 6 90 8 70 ≥ 11 45 单值 Monodromy ≥ 4，< 6 100 6 75 ≥ 10 20
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