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    刘芳妮, 尹豪, 周旭. 居住区楼间绿化对建筑采光条件影响的数字模拟研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(12): 101-114. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200039
    引用本文: 刘芳妮, 尹豪, 周旭. 居住区楼间绿化对建筑采光条件影响的数字模拟研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(12): 101-114. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200039
    Liu Fangni, Yin Hao, Zhou Xu. Numerical simulation study on the influence of greening between buildings on sunlight conditions of building in residential area[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(12): 101-114. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200039
    Citation: Liu Fangni, Yin Hao, Zhou Xu. Numerical simulation study on the influence of greening between buildings on sunlight conditions of building in residential area[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(12): 101-114. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200039

    居住区楼间绿化对建筑采光条件影响的数字模拟研究

    Numerical simulation study on the influence of greening between buildings on sunlight conditions of building in residential area

    • 摘要:
        目的  良好的建筑采光条件是保证居室卫生、改善小气候、提高居住环境舒适度的重要因素。研究楼间绿化对建筑采光条件的影响,分析其影响程度和具体影响因素,可以为北京市居住小区楼间绿地植物群落的优化构建、绿地环境与景观的改善提供科学依据。
        方法  以北京地区居住小区多层住宅楼间绿地为对象,运用Photoshop、Image-Pro Plus及Rhino软件计算植物树冠疏透度并建立植物及建筑模型;使用Ecotect Analysis软件模拟北京市光照情况,通过分析样本大寒日楼间绿地北侧建筑受光面的日照情况,探究影响建筑采光的多种因素。
        结果  (1)研究样本居住区绿化常用木本植物50种,植物组成结构中乔木比例高且生长量均处于较高水平。(2)建筑朝向对采光条件的影响表现为:正南正北朝向的建筑采光条件最佳;当建筑偏斜角度相同时,受北京地区经纬度影响,朝向偏东的建筑采光条件优于偏西的建筑。建筑受光面日照时数随建筑间距的减小、建筑长度的增加而降低。(3)调研样本普遍表现(85%)为绿化严重影响建筑采光,样本建筑受光面普遍受到较大面积的影响,日照时数显著减少,影响范围主要集中在1 ~ 4层;对建筑采光影响明显的楼间绿化,其主要特征表现为常绿树过多、植物体量过大、植物与建筑距离过近等;乔木与建筑的距离小于5 m时对建筑采光有较大影响,大于5 m时依然对建筑低层采光产生影响。
        结论  (1)楼间绿化的基本特征表现为乔木种类较多,常绿树较少,而少量常绿树种的高频度应用是造成建筑采光条件受到不良影响的主要原因。(2)建筑布局本身存在影响建筑低层采光的情况。(3)楼间绿化显著影响建筑采光,主要影响因素为植物体量,其次是植物与建筑的距离以及植物树冠疏透度。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  Good building lighting condition is an important factor to ensure the hygiene of the room, improve the microclimate and the comfort of the living environment. Studying the impact of greening between buildings on the sunlight conditions of building and analyzing the influencing degree and specific influencing factors can be used to optimize the construction of plant community and improve green space environment and landscape in the residential areas.
        Method  Taking the green space between multi-storey residential buildings in Beijing as the object of the study, we used Photoshop, Image-Pro Plus and Rhino to calculate the crown porosity of plants and establish the models of plants and buildings; and Ecotect Analysis to simulate the lighting situation in Beijing. By analyzing the sunlight situation of the buildings on the north side of green space between the buildings in the Great Cold day, the paper explores various factors affecting the lighting of the buildings.
        Result  (1) Fifty species of woody plants commonly were used for greening in the study area. The proportion of arbors in the plant structure was high and the growth was at a high level. (2) The influence of building orientation on the lighting conditions was shown as follows: the building oriented south had the best lighting conditions; when the building skew angle was the same, influenced by the longitude and latitude of Beijing area, the building oriented east had better lighting conditions than the building oriented west. With the decrease of distance between buildings and the increase of the length of buildings, the sunshine hours of buildings decreased. (3) The general performance of the survey sample (85%) was that greening had seriously affected building lighting. The light surface of the sample building was generally affected by a large area, and the number of hours of sunlight was significantly reduced. The impact range was mainly concentrated on the 1−4 floor. The inter-building greening, which had a significant impact on building lighting, was mainly characterized by too many evergreen trees, too large plant size, and too close the distance between plants and buildings. When the distance between arbor and building was less than 5 m, it will have a great impact on the daylighting of the building; when it is longer than 5 m, it will still have an effect on the low floors of the building.
        Conclusion  (1) The basic characteristics of greening between buildings are that there are a great number of arbor species and small number of evergreen species, and the high-frequency application of small number of evergreen species is an important reason for the adverse effects of building lighting conditions. (2) The layout of the building itself will affect the lighting of the lower floors of the building. (3) The greening between buildings significantly affects the lighting of buildings. The main influencing factors are the plant volume, followed by the distance between plant and building, and the porosity of the plant canopy.

       

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