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    崔义, 刘海轩, 吕娇, 吴鞠, 许丽娟, 韦柳端, 余玉磊, 徐程扬. 城市森林林内景观质量定量通用判别技术研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(12): 9-23. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200064
    引用本文: 崔义, 刘海轩, 吕娇, 吴鞠, 许丽娟, 韦柳端, 余玉磊, 徐程扬. 城市森林林内景观质量定量通用判别技术研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(12): 9-23. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200064
    Cui Yi, Liu Haixuan, Lü Jiao, Wu Jü, Xu Lijuan, Wei Liuduan, Yu Yulei, Xu Chengyang. General methods for quantitative assessment of in-forest landscape quality of urban forest[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(12): 9-23. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200064
    Citation: Cui Yi, Liu Haixuan, Lü Jiao, Wu Jü, Xu Lijuan, Wei Liuduan, Yu Yulei, Xu Chengyang. General methods for quantitative assessment of in-forest landscape quality of urban forest[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(12): 9-23. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200064

    城市森林林内景观质量定量通用判别技术研究

    General methods for quantitative assessment of in-forest landscape quality of urban forest

    • 摘要:
        目的  针对城市森林林内景观质量评价研究中存在的理论研究多、评价指标体系不通用等问题,构建区域性通用的林内景观质量评价指标体系,并提出林内景观分级标准,为城市森林结构优化、经营管理和生产实践提供技术支撑。
        方法  以城市公园风景游憩林、郊野公园风景游憩林、居住区城市森林、城郊山地风景林等为研究对象,在林分尺度上筛选评价指标,以因子分析法构建林分结构质量综合指数,采用Topsis法结合聚类分析对城市森林林内景观质量等级进行划分。
        结果  (1)4种类型的城市森林筛选出15个评价指标用于城市森林林内景观评价,将林内景观分为优、高、中、低4个等级。(2)城市森林林内景观质量评价,核心指标包括乔木树种丰富度、林下物种丰富度、林型、林分整洁度、胸径分化度、郁闭度、观赏器官多样性、色彩季相多样性、单位面积胸高断面积、冠径比等。(3)不同类型城市森林最优景观的指标特点不完全相同。城市公园风景游憩林:相对枝下高最小,径高比较小,冠径比较大,林分整洁度高;居住区城市森林:单位面积胸高断面积最大,相对枝下高最小,冠径比较小,季相丰富度高。郊野公园风景游憩林:单位面积胸高断面积、树高分化度和径高比最大,乔木树种种类最多,观赏器官较多样,多为混交林。城郊山地风景林:郁闭度适中、灌木相对高度最低、林分垂直层次和林下物种较丰富、林分整洁度高。
        结论  总体上看,树种组成丰富、适度混交、林内整洁、胸径分化度和郁闭度都适宜的林分和观赏器官较多样,季相富于变化的景观更受人们的喜爱,不同类型城市森林的林分密度和冠径比的最优范围不同。在城市森林经营管理中,建议适当丰富林木树种种类,注重彩色植物和多季相树种的配置,适当调整林分密度,及时修枝、割灌,清除林下杂乱的枯落物和生活垃圾,保持林分整洁,并根据城市森林类型适时采取不同的经营管理措施,以提高其景观质量。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  In view of the problems existing in the study of in-forest landscape quality assessment of urban forest, such as many theoretical studies, poor unification in assessment index systems, a regional universal in-forest landscape quality evaluation index system of urban forest was constructed, and the classification standard of in-forest landscape was proposed, which could provide technical support for the optimization of urban forest structure, management and production practice.
        Method  Four types of urban forests, including scenic-recreational forest both in urban park and country park, urban forest of residential areas and scenic forest of suburban mountainous areas, were taken as the research objects. The evaluation indicators were selected on the scale of forest stand, the comprehensive quality index of forest structure quality was constructed by factor analysis, and the in-forest landscape quality grade of urban forest was classified by TOPSIS method and cluster analysis.
        Result  (1) Fifteen evaluation indices were selected based on four types of urban forest and were used for evaluation of in-forest landscape of urban forest. The in-forest landscape of urban forest was divided into four grades: excellent, high, medium and low. (2) The in-forest landscape quality evaluation index system of urban forest was established, the core indicators including tree species richness (TSR), species richness under canopy (SRC), the forest type (FT), cleanliness of the forest stand (CFS), dispersion of DBH (DDBH), canopy coverage (CC), ornamental organ diversity (OOD), seasonal abundance (SA), breast height basal area per hectare (BAH), ratio of crown width to diameter (RCWD), etc. (3) The index characteristics of the optimal landscape of different types of urban forests were not exactly the same. Scenic-recreational forest of urban park: relative under branch height (RBH) was the smallest, ratio of diameter-height (RDH) was smaller, RCWD was larger, CFS was high. Urban forest of residential areas: BAH was the largest, RBH was the smallest, RCWD was smaller, SA was high. Scenic-recreational forest of country park: BAH, dispersion of tree height (DTH) and RDH were the largest, tree species were the most, with diverse ornamental organs, mostly mixed forest. Scenic forest of suburban mountainous areas: CC was moderate, relative shrub height (RSH) was the lowest, stand vertical stratum (SS) and species under the canopy were richer, CFS was high.
        Conclusion  Seen as a whole, forests or landscapes which are of abundant tree species, mixed moderately, neat in-forest condition, both dispersion of DBH and canopy coverage are suitable, and with abundant ornamental organs and seasonal changes are more popular. The optimal range of stand density and RCWD is different for varied types of urban forest. In the management of urban forests, it is suggested to enrich the tree species appropriately, pay attention to the configuration of colored plants and multi-seasonal tree species, adjust the density of the forest properly, timely pruning, cutting and irrigation, remove litter and domestic garbage under the forest, keep the forest tidy, and give different managerial measures timely according to different urban forest types to improve its landscape quality.

       

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