Variation characteristics of leaf functional traits of Populus davidiana in Wudalianchi Volcano, northeastern China
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摘要:
目的 探讨五大连池火山山杨叶功能性状特征，揭示植物对火山生境的适应，以及对不同坡向的生存策略，为特殊生境和微地形生境下植物的适应机制提供参考依据。 方法 以5座火山共有植物山杨为对象，测定叶面积（LS）、叶厚度（LT）、比叶面积（SLA）、叶干物质量（LDMC）、叶碳含量（LCC）、叶氮含量（LNC）、叶磷含量（LPC）和叶氮磷比（LNP）等8种功能性状在坡向间、火山间的变化规律和变异特征，分析叶功能性状间相互关系和主成分。 结果 （1）除LCC外，其他7种功能性状在南北坡向间均具有显著差异，LT、LDMC、LNC、LNP表现为南坡大于北坡，而LS、LCC、LPC表现为南坡小于北坡。（2）山杨SLA、LCC、LPC在新、老期火山间差异显著，但在老期火山间差异不显著。（3）火山南坡、北坡山杨LT与LDMC呈显著负相关，南、北坡向及火山间山杨LNP与LNC均呈极显著正相关、与LPC呈极显著的负相关关系。（4）火山环境中山杨LNP、LPC、LNC和LS在叶功能性状分化中起到主要贡献作用。 结论 五大连池火山山杨叶功能性状的变异与火山喷发的特殊性有关，山杨通过调节自身功能性状形成不同的生存策略来适应南、北坡向和不同火山环境，在生长过程中更容易受到氮元素缺乏的限制。火山森林生态系统是一个特殊环境，研究火山植被演替和植物功能性状等问题需要结合火山喷发的特殊情况深入讨论。 Abstract:Objective Considering the leaf functional traits of Populus davidiana in Wudalianchi Volcano of northeastern China, thus we can recognize the adaptation of plant to volcanic environment and their resource utilization strategies to slopes, so as to provide reference for plant adaptation mechanism in special habitat and micro terrain habitat. Method The variations of leaf traits of P. davidiana in different slopes and ages of volcanoes were studied, such as leaf area (LS), leaf thickness (LT), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf carbon content (LCC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC), leaf phosphorus content (LPC), and leaf nitrogen phosphorus ratio (LNP), further the correlation and principal components of leaf functional characters were analyzed. Result (1) Except for LCC, other leaf functional characters were significantly different between north and south slopes. LT, LDMC, LNC and LNP of the south slope were higher than those of the north slope, while LS, LCC and LPC of the south slope were smaller than those of the north slope. (2) There were significant differences in SLA, LCC and LPC between new and old volcanoes, but not in old volcanoes. (3) LT and LDMC were negatively correlated on the south and north slopes, LNP and LNC were positively correlated, LNP and LPC were negatively correlated on the south slopes, north slopes and volcanoes. (4) In volcanic environment, LNP, LPC, LNC and LS play an important role in the differentiation of leaf functional traits. Conclusion The variation of functional traits of P. davidiana is related to the particularity of volcanic eruption in Wudalianchi Volcano, P. davidiana adapts to the north-south slope environment by adjusting its functional traits to form different survival strategies, and the growth of P. davidiana is mainly limited by nitrogen in Wudalianchi. The volcanic forest ecosystem is a special environment, studying the volcanic vegetation succession and plant functional properties needs to be further discussed in combination with the special situation of volcanic eruption. -
Key words:
- Wudalianchi Volcano /
- leaf functional trait /
- variation /
- survival strategy
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图 1 不同年代火山间及坡向山杨叶功能性状的箱点图
中位数以水平横线代表，25%和75%的数据范围以箱和标准差表示，独立的圆点代表极端数据，不相同字母表示地区间有效成分含量有显著性差异（P < 0.05）。下同。Median is represented by the horizontal line, quartiles (25% and 75% percentiles) are represented by boxes and SD. Extreme data are plotted with individual round dots. Different letters denote significant differences in effective component contents between areas at P < 0.05 level. The same below.
Figure 1. Box-plots of leaf functional traits of P. davidiana in volcanoes of different ages and varied slope aspects
图 2 五大连池火山山杨叶功能性状的主成分分析
A. 南坡；B. 北坡；C. 火山体。 A, south slope; B, north slope; C, volcano body.
Figure 2. Principal component analysis of leaf functional traits of P. davidiana in Wudalianchi Volcano
表 1 五大连池不同年代火山样地基本情况
Table 1. Basic situation of sample plots of different age volcanoes in Wudalianchi
研究区
Study area地理位置
Geographical
position海拔
Altitude/m土壤类型
Soil type喷发时间
Eruption time坡向
Slope aspect优势树种
Dominant plant species比例
Proportion/%树龄/a
Tree age/
yearL 48°42′32″N 126°07′06″ E 340 火山灰土
Volcanic ash soil300年前
300 years ago南坡
South slope山杨 Populus davidiana 50 21 白桦 Betula platyphylla 45 36 北坡
North slope落叶松 Larix gmelinii 72 36 山杨 Populus davidiana 25 25
D48°39′13″N 126°16′30″E 340 暗棕壤
Dark brown soil170 000 ~ 190 000年前
170 000−190 000 years ago南坡
South slope蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica 50 57 山杨 Populus davidiana 10 55 北坡
North slope白桦 Betula platyphylla 55 63 山杨 Populus davidiana 15 59 X 48°40′45″N 126°22′06″E 380 暗棕壤
Dark brown soil280 000 ~ 360 000年前
280 000−360 000 years ago南坡
South slope蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica 83 55 山杨Populus davidiana 10 49 北坡
North slope白桦 Betula platyphylla 48 50 山杨 Populus davidiana 10 51 W 48°47′23″N 126°15′26″E 400 暗棕壤
Dark brown soil400 000 ~ 500 000年前
400 000−500 000 years ago南坡
South slope蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica 78 58 山杨 Populus davidiana 10 50 北坡
North slope白桦 Betula platyphylla 52 57 山杨 Populus davidiana 10 52
BG48°44′42″N 126°00″23″E 415 暗棕壤
Dark brown soil700 000 ~ 800 000年前
700 000−800 000 years ago南坡
South slope蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica 80 50 山杨 Populus davidiana 12 36 北坡
North slope黑桦 Betula davurica 50 48 山杨Populus davidiana 10 37 注：L表示老黑山；D表示东焦得布山；X表示小孤山；W表示尾山；BG表示北格拉球山。下同。
Notes: L represents Laohei Volcano; D represents Dongjiaodebu Volcano; X represents Xiaogu Volcano; W represents Weishan Volcano; BG represents Beigelaqiu Volcano. The same below.
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表 2 五大连池不同火山、南北坡向间山杨叶功能性状变异系数
Table 2. Variation coefficients of leaf functional traits of P. davidiana in different volcanoes and its north-south slope aspects in Wudalianchi
% 变量
Variable老黑山 L 东焦得布山 D 小孤山 X 尾山 W 北格拉球山 BG 南坡South slope 北坡North slope 火山Volcano 南坡South slope 北坡North slope 火山Volcano 南坡South slope 北坡North slope 火山Volcano 南坡South slope 北坡North slope 火山Volcano 南坡South slope 北坡North slope 火山Volcano LS 31.37 21.46 30.27 16.57 21.92 20.88 28.74 26.50 32.91 18.80 22.15 23.80 15.17 11.93 14.74 LT 4.23 3.57 6.68 3.83 2.90 4.39 5.63 4.47 6.32 5.65 6.28 6.36 5.42 5.78 6.44 SLA 9.70 10.74 14.61 14.30 22.20 12.80 13.68 15.69 14.58 11.45 9.09 10.32 13.94 14.16 13.97 LDMC 5.93 4.94 7.51 5.54 3.84 4.96 7.91 5.97 7.27 7.96 5.76 7.37 7.52 5.46 6.95 LCC 4.65 3.72 3.99 10.17 6.46 8.03 2.13 2.74 2.36 6.30 4.25 6.03 6.67 2.98 5.67 LNC 13.45 6.25 9.88 6.87 8.15 18.29 20.32 11.09 18.24 11.71 6.76 9.11 9.98 7.07 11.40 LPC 8.60 8.97 33.61 9.26 11.13 9.65 22.82 17.33 19.79 13.74 24.13 18.47 12.56 8.14 10.69 LNP 9.60 12.38 35.07 9.19 12.59 21.05 33.21 19.83 25.63 15.65 19.05 17.53 22.96 10.22 18.97
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表 3 五大连池火山山杨叶功能性状方差分析
Table 3. ANOVA for leaf functional traits of P. davidiana in Wudalianchi Volcano
变量
Variable火山间
Between volcanoes坡向间
Between slope aspectsF P F P LS 68.662 0.000 12.061 0.001 LT 27.037 0.000 20.767 0.000 SLA 9.805 0.000 21.237 0.000 LDMC 115.674 0.000 21.824 0.000 LCC 1.934 0.049 2.438 0.20 LNC 4.965 0.002 0.678 0.001 LPC 4.181 0.006 10.507 0.030 LNP 5.413 0.001 2.796 0.002
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表 4 五大连池火山南坡（对角线上部）、北坡（对角线下部）山杨叶功能性状相关系数
Table 4. Pearson correlation coefficients between leaf functional traits of P. davidiana on north (upper diagonal) and south (lower diagonal) slope of volcanoes in Wudalianchi
变量 Variable LS LT SLA LDMC LCC LNC LPC LNP LS 1.000 0.127 0.273 −0.272 0.283 0.166 0.046 0.109 LT 0.031 1.000 −0.182 −0.580** 0.084 0.296 0.202 0.022 SLA 0.529** 0.084 1.000 −0.291 −0.024 0.056 −0.354 0.241 LDMC −0.271 −0.653** −0.056 1.000 −0.100 −0.106 0.104 −0.179 LCC 0.024 0.140 −0.058 −0.204 1.000 0.210 −0.255 0.389 LNC −0.275 0.138 0.236 −0.083 0.242 1.000 0.165 0.577** LPC −0.273 0.261 −0.018 0.125 −0.355 0.005 1.000 −0.674** LNP 0.016 −0.128 0.152 −0.166 0.381 0.557** −0.789** 1.000 注 **表示P < 0.01，*表示P < 0.05。Notes: ** and * represent P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively.
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表 5 五大连池火山山杨叶功能性状相关系数
Table 5. Pearson correlation coefficients between leaf functional traits of P. davidiana in Wudalianchi Volcano
变量 Variable LS LT SLA LDMC LCC LNC LPC LNP LS 1.000 −0.365** 0.155 −0.476** −0.006 0.233 −0.285* 0.279 LT 1.000 −0.284* −0.068 0.213 −0.125 0.380** −0.316* SLA 1.000 −0.078 −0.006 0.012 −0.277 0.204 LDMC 1.000 −0.041 −0.261 0.232 −0.315* LCC 1.000 0.128 −0.251 0.275 LNC 1.000 −0.078 0.618** LPC 1.000 −0.778** LNP 1.000
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