Difference analysis on pine wilt disease between Liaoning Province of northeastern China and other epidemic areas in China
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摘要: 松材线虫病是由松材线虫引起的一种毁灭性松树病害，是我国近40年以来发生最严重的林业灾害。目前，该病害已经在我国18个省（市、区）造成了大面积的松树死亡。由于全国范围内的松材线虫病疫区自然环境差异较大，不同疫区松材线虫病的发生情况有所不同，特别是年均温度10 ℃以下的辽宁疫区与其他疫区存在较大差异。通过分析发现与其他疫区相比，辽宁疫区的松材线虫虫株耐寒性更强，且发现了新的寄主树种红松、樟子松和落叶松以及新的媒介昆虫云杉花墨天牛。这些差异不但给辽宁疫区松材线虫病的防治带来了更多的挑战，而且增加了疫情继续向北扩散的风险。因此，因地制宜地制定一套符合辽宁疫区松材线虫病发生特点的有效防控措施是十分必要的。Abstract: Pine wilt disease is caused by Bursaphelenchus xyluphilus, which is the most serious and dangerous forestry disaster in China in the past 40 years. At present, the disease has caused a large area of pine tree death in 18 provinces and regions of China. Because of the difference of natural environment, the occurrence of pine wilt disease in different epidemic areas is different, especially in Liaoning epidemic area, where the average annual temperature is below 10 ℃. Compared with other epidemic areas, the cold tolerance of pine wood nematode is stronger in Liaoning epidemic area. In addition, there are new host tree species in Liaoning Province of northeastern China, such as Pinus koraiensis, P. sylvestris var. mongolica, Larix olgensis, L. kaempferi, L. principis-rupprechtii, as well as new vector insect Monochamus saltuarius. These differences not only bring more challenges to the control of pine wilt disease in Liaoning Province, but also increase the risk of epidemic situation continuing to spread further to the northern region. It will contribute to the research of pine wilt disease in Liaoning Province, and provide a theoretical basis for determining a set of effective control methods in accordance with the occurrence characteristics of pine wilt disease in Liaoning Province of northeastern China.
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Keywords:
- pine wilt disease /
- difference /
- host tree /
- vector insect /
- control
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图 1 松材线虫病在中国的分布情况
不同颜色代表不同疫区松材线虫病的发病年份。Different colors represent the occurrance years of pine wilt disease in different epidemic areas.
Figure 1. Distribution of pine wilt disease in China
表 1 中国松材线虫病的寄主树种及分布的疫区
Table 1 Host tree species of pine wilt disease and their distribution in epidemic area in China
序号
No.树种
Tree species在中国首次发现的地点和时间
Location and time of first discovery
in China树种分布的疫区
Epidemic areas of
tree species distribution参考文献
Reference1 日本黑松
Pinus thunbergii江苏，1982
Jiangsu, 1982辽宁、天津、河南、山东、安徽、江苏、陕西、湖北
Liaoning, Tianjin, Henan, Shandong, Anhui,
Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Hubei杨宝君等[9]
Yang B J, et al[9]2 日本赤松
P. densiflora江苏，1986
Jiangsu, 1986山东、江苏
Shandong, Jiangsu杨宝君等[9]
Yang B J, et al[9]3 马尾松
P. massoniana江苏，1986
Jiangsu, 1986山东、河南、江苏、安徽、湖南、湖北、重庆、广东、
广西、浙江、四川、贵州
Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Guizhou杨宝君等[9]
Yang B J, et al[9]4 白皮松
P. bungeana江苏，1992
Jiangsu, 1992河南、陕西、四川、湖北、辽宁、山东、江苏
Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Liaoning,
Shandong, Jiangsu杨宝君等[9]
Yang B J, et al[9]5 火炬松
P. taeda江苏，2009
Jiangsu, 2009河南、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、台湾、江西、
湖北、湖南、广东、广西
Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi杨宝君等[9]
Yang B J, et al[9]6 琉球松
P. luchuensis台湾，1982
Taiwan, 1982台湾
Taiwan杨宝君等[9]
Yang B J, et al[9]7 黄山松
P. taiwanensis安徽，2004
Anhui, 2004福建、浙江、安徽、江西、广东、广西、云南、湖南、湖北、河南
Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Hunan, Hubei, Henan理永霞等[11]
Li Y X, et al[11]8 思茅松
P. kesiya云南，2007
Yunnan, 2007云南
Yunnan理永霞等[11]
Li Y X, et al[11]9 云南松
P. yunnanensis贵州，2007
Guizhou, 2007云南、四川、贵州、广西
Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi理永霞等[11]
Li Y X, et al[11]10 湿地松
P. elliottii福建，2008
Fujian, 2008湖北、江西、浙江、江苏、安徽、福建、广东、广西
Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian,
Guangdong, Guangxi黄金水等[19]
Huang J S, et al[19]11 油松
P. tabuliformis陕西，2009
Shaanxi, 2009辽宁、四川、甘肃、陕西、河南、山东
Liaoning, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong理永霞等[11]
Li Y X, et al[11]12 华山松
P. armandii陕西，2011
Shanxi, 2011河南、陕西、四川、湖北、贵州、云南
Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan理永霞等[11]
Li Y X, et al[11]13 红松
P. koraiensis辽宁，2018
Liaoning, 2018辽宁
Liaoning于海英等[20]
Yu H Y, et al[20]14 樟子松
P. sylvestris var. mongolica辽宁，2019
Liaoning, 2019辽宁
Liaoning于海英等[14]
Yu H Y, et al[14]15 长白落叶松
Larix olgensis辽宁，2019
Liaoning, 2019辽宁
Liaoning于海英等[14]
Yu H Y, et al[14]16 日本落叶松
L. kaempferi辽宁，2019
Liaoning, 2019辽宁
Liaoning于海英等[14]
Yu H Y, et al[14]17 华北落叶松
L. principis-rupprechtii辽宁，2019
Liaoning, 2019辽宁
Liaoning于海英等[14]
Yu H Y, et al[14]
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