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    长白山云冷杉林林隙冠层特征及与幼苗幼树的关系

    Canopy characteristics in gaps and its relationship with seedlings and saplings in a spruce-fir forest in the Changbai Mountain area of northeastern China

      摘要
    • 摘要:
        目的  林隙在森林更新循环中起着重要作用，对林隙内冠层结构和光因子及其与幼苗幼树的数量和生长指标之间的关系进行分析，以探究林隙冠层特征对幼苗幼树的影响，提出促进云冷杉林天然更新的措施，为云冷杉林可持续经营和资源可持续利用提供科学依据。
        方法  本研究于2019年8月对吉林省金沟岭林场长白山云冷杉异龄针阔混交林林分内48个林隙的冠层结构、光因子及幼苗幼树进行调查，采用Pearson相关性分析对不同大小林隙内冠层结构和光因子及其与幼苗幼树的关系进行分析。
        结果  （1）林隙冠层开度（CO）、叶面积指数（LAI）和总辐射（Tot）主要分布区间分别为12% ~ 20%、2 ~ 3和11% ~ 21%。（2）CO、LAI及光因子在不同大小林隙内差异显著(P < 0.05)，CO、散射辐射（TDF）随林隙增大而增大，Tot和直接辐射随林隙增大先减小后增加。（3）各树种幼苗幼树株数随CO和Tot的增大先增加后减少，最适合幼苗幼树存活的CO和Tot区间分别为12% ~ 20%和11% ~ 21%。（4）林隙面积小于120 m2时最适合冷杉幼苗幼树的生长；小于90 m2时最适合色木槭幼苗幼树的生长；云杉幼苗幼树在小于30 m2及60 ~ 90 m2的林隙中生长最好；最适宜红松幼苗幼树生长的林隙面积为60 ~ 90 m2。
        结论  该林分主要冠层分布区间比较适宜4个树种更新幼苗幼树的生长，当CO和Tot超过一定范围后，幼苗幼树数量反而下降。因此，可以根据林分经营需要减少林隙内更新幼苗幼树的数量，或对林隙面积进行适当调节，为目的树种释放生长空间，促进其更新。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  The formation of gaps plays an important role in the forest renewal cycle. The relationship between structure and light factors of canopy in the gap and its relationship with the number and growth indicators of seedlings and saplings were analyzed. In order to explore the impact of characteristics of the gap canopy on seedlings and saplings, the measures to promote the natural renewal of spruce-fir forests were put forward to provide scientific basis for the sustainable management and sustainable use of spruce-fir forests.
        Method  This study investigated the canopy structure, light factors, seedlings and saplings of 48 gaps in the spruce-fir heterogeneous mixed forest of Changbai Mountain in Jingouling Forest Farm, Jilin Province of northeastern China in August 2019. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the canopy structure and light factors in gaps of different sizes and their relationship with seedlings and saplings.
        Result  (1) The main distribution intervals of canopy openness (CO), leaf area index (LAI) and trans total radiation (Tot) were 12%−20%, 2−3 and 11%−21%, respectively. (2) CO, LAI and light factors were significantly different in gaps of different sizes (P < 0.05), CO and trans diffuse radiation (TDF) increased with the increase of forest gap, Tot and trans direct radiation (TDR) first decreased and then increased with the increase of gap. (3) The number of seedlings and saplings of each tree species increased first and then decreased with the increase of CO and Tot. The most suitable CO and Tot for the survival of seedlings and saplings were 12%−20% and 11%−21%, respectively. (4) The gap less than 120 m2 was most suitable for the growth of fir seedlings and saplings; while the gap less than 90 m2 was the most suitable for the growth of Acer seedlings and saplings; spruce seedlings and saplings grew best in gaps less than 30 m2 and 60−90 m2; the most suitable gap area for the growth of Korean pine seedlings and saplings was 60−90 m2.
        Conclusion  The main canopy distribution interval of the forest is more suitable for the growth of seedlings and saplings of the four tree species, but when the CO and Tot exceed a certain range, the number of seedlings and saplings decreases. Therefore, the number of seedlings and saplings in the gap can be reduced according to the needs of forest management, or the area of gap can be appropriately adjusted to release growth space for the target tree species and promote its regeneration.

       

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