Selection of herb species for ecological restoration of coal gangue piles in North China
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摘要:
目的 优选出能够适应华北地区煤矸石山斜角大、贫瘠和干旱等生境特点的先锋植物，构建稳定的植被群落，以解决酸性煤矸石山因缺乏植被覆盖而导致的水土流失、复燃和扬尘等环境问题。 方法 采用野外实验的方式，以生命周期、盖度、重要值和生态位宽度为指标，对土地复垦常用草本植物和华北地区本土植物共14个优势种进行了分析比较和评价。 结果 人工引种的紫花苜蓿和兴安黄耆能够较好的适应煤矸石山生境，在复垦坡面的植被群落中始终保持优势地位，生命周期为7个月以上，最大分盖度为33.93%和17.59%，但在6—9月盖度明显下降；本土物种中茵陈蒿生态位较宽，在7月和9月盖度最高，最大分盖度为12.67，能够弥补紫花苜蓿和兴安黄耆在夏季盖度较低的不足。 结论 紫花苜蓿、兴安黄耆和茵陈蒿3种草本植物对酸性煤矸石山的适应能力较强，具备作为煤矸石山植被恢复先锋物种的潜力。 Abstract:Objective This paper aims to screen out the pioneer plants that can adapt to the habitat characteristics such as large slope angle, barrenness and aridity of coal gangue piles in North China, and build a stable vegetation community to solve the environmental problems such as soil erosion, re-ignition and dust emission caused by the lack of vegetation cover in acidic coal gangue piles. Method 14 dominant species of herbaceous plants commonly used in land reclamation and those native to North China were analyzed and compared by field experiments using life cycle, cover, significance value and ecological position width as indicators. Result The artificially introduced Medicago sativa and Astragalus dahuricus can adapt well to the habitat of the coal gangue pile, and maintain an advantageous position in the vegetation community on the reclaimed slope, with a life cycle of more than 7 months, the maximum sub-coverage of 33.93% and 17.59%, but from June to September, the cover decreased significantly. Among the native species, Artemisia capillaris had a wider ecological position, with the highest cover in July and September, and the maximum sub-coverage of 12.67, can make up for the lack of Medicago sativa and Astragalus dahuricus in the summer cover is lower. Conclusion The above three herbaceous plants can be used as the pioneer species for the future vegetation restoration in the coal gangue piles. -
Key words:
- coal gangue pile /
- ecological restoration /
- herbaceous plant /
- pioneer species
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图 2 图像分类计算植被盖度的步骤
Figure 2. Steps to calculate vegetation cover by image classification
图 5 不同类型坡面的各草本植物种分盖度
Figure 5. Sub-vegetation coverage of each herb species on different slope types
图 6 不同坡面4—10月份的草本植物重要值
Figure 6. Important values of herbs from April to October on different slopes
表 1 不同坡面4—10月份的草本植物生态位宽度
Table 1. Herb niche width from April to October on different slopes
组别 Treatment 物种 Species 4月 Apr. 5月 May 6月 Jun. 7月 Jul. 8月 Aug. 9月 Sep. 10月 Oct. CK 紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa 1.380 1.499 1.398 1.481 1.420 1.552 1.577 兴安黄耆 Astragalus dahuricus 1.267 1.476 1.330 1.179 1.383 1.249 1.251 狗尾草 Setaria viridis 0.000 0.000 0.305 披碱草 Elymus dahuricu 0.943 1.044 LR 小蓬草 Conyza canadensis 0.997 1.268 0.811 0.604 0.713 0.379 茵陈蒿 Artemisia capillaris 0.665 0.788 0.768 0.657 0.653 1.061 1.080 圆叶牵牛 Pharbitis purpurea 0.943 0.509 0.852 1.280 0.978 野青茅 Deyeuxia arundinacea 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.562 0.440 0.540 0.594 
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