A review on mass distribution of active components from Hippophae rhamnoides fruits
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摘要: 沙棘作为一种抗逆性、适应性、萌蘖性较强的植物资源，被广泛应用于黄土丘陵地区荒山绿化、土壤改良、水土保持和砒砂岩治理。沙棘不仅具有良好的生态价值，其果实中富含多种生物活性物质。本文凝练了沙棘果实中活性化合物的构成、分布及活性特征，并对沙棘果实活性物质的研究进行展望。基于相关文献，针对黄酮、花青素、酚酸、有机酸、肌醇、维生素、类胡萝卜素、不饱和脂肪酸、甾醇等广泛存在于沙棘果实中的化学成分进行总结分析，提供沙棘果实中上述活性物质分布情况的综合信息。研究表明，针对沙棘果实中活性物质的构成、分布和活性特征的研究较为丰富，但在部分领域仍缺乏研究，如栽培技术条件对活性物质的影响，活性物质与沙棘果实加工中异味的关联性等。本文为沙棘果实在食品、药品及保健品行业中的综合利用提供了理论支撑，为促进沙棘资源在经济中的全面发展提供参考。Abstract: Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is a plant resource with strong resistance to stress, adaptability and sprouting. It is widely used in barren hill greening, soil improvement, soil and water conservation, and sandstone management in loess hilly areas. Seabuckthorn not only has good ecological value, but also its fruits are rich in various biologically active substances. This study summarized and analyzed the composition, distribution, and activity characteristics of activated substances in seabuckthorn fruits by literature data. The current research status of active substances in seabuckthorn fruits is also prospected. Based on the related literatures reviewed, the chemical constituents, which widely present in seabuckthorn fruits including flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, organic acids, inositol, vitamins, carotenoids, unsaturated fatty acids and sterols, were described and summarized. And the purpose is to provide comprehensive information on the distribution of important active substances in seabuckthorn fruit. The current research on the composition, distribution and active characteristics of active substances in seabuckthorn fruits is abundant. However, there are still shortages in some areas, such as the impact of cultivation techniques on active substances, and the correlation between active substances and odors in seabuckthorn fruit processing, there is no relevant literature on the concerns of these compounds in the development of seabuckthorn. This article provides theoretical support for the comprehensive utilization of seabuckthorn fruits in food, pharmaceutical and health product industries. It also provides a reference for promoting the comprehensive development of seabuckthorn resources in the economy.
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Keywords:
- seabuckthorn berry /
- active component /
- mass distribution
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表 1 沙棘果实基础成分数据
Table 1 Basic composition data of seabuckthorn fruit
指标
Index含量
Content/%沙棘品种
Seabuckthorn variety沙棘产地
Seabuckthorn origin参考文献
Reference果实含水量
Fruit water content61.5 ~ 85.3 中国沙棘；“印第安夏”
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis;
Hippophae rhamnoides ‘Indian-Summer’ 中国山西；加拿大
Shanxi, China; Canada[18-19] 果油含量
Fruit oil content0.26 ~ 4.50 中国沙棘；海滨沙棘
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis;
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. rhamnoides中国山西；芬兰
Shanxi, China; Finland0.8 ~ 4.1a 中国沙棘；海滨沙棘
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis;
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. rhamnoides中国山西；芬兰
Shanxi, China; Finland含籽率
Seed rate2.09 ~ 6.72 中国沙棘；大果沙棘
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis;
Large berry cultivars of Hippophae rhamnoides中国山西，内蒙古，辽宁，河北，
中国黑龙江，新疆
Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, China籽油含量
Seed oil content5.5 ~ 14.2 中国沙棘；海滨沙棘
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis;
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. rhamnoides中国山西；芬兰
Shanxi, China; Finland[19] 总糖含量
Total sugar content0.5 ~ 7.4 海滨沙棘；蒙古沙棘
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. rhamnoides;
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. mongolica芬兰；爱沙尼亚
Finland; Estonia[20] 总酸含量
Total acid content2.4 ~ 5.4 海滨沙棘；蒙古沙棘
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. rhamnoides;
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. mongolica芬兰；爱沙尼亚
Finland; Estonia[20] 注：a为去除籽的果肉中果油含量。 Note: a means fruit oil content in seed-removing pulp. 
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表 2 沙棘果中黄酮类化合物含量
Table 2 Content of flavonoids in different seabuckthorn sample
黄酮类化合物 Flavonoids 含量 Content/(mg·kg−1) RS RY RW NS TI 3-O-槐糖-7-鼠李糖苷槲皮素 Quercetin 3-O-sophoroside-7-rhamnoside 680 ± 350 1 200 ± 840 180 ± 170 10 ± 10 80 ± 10 3-O-槐糖-7-O-鼠李糖苷山柰酚 Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside-7-O rhamnoside 460 ± 210 460 ± 100 650 ± 490 280 ± 70 80 ± 10 3-O-槐糖-7-O-鼠李糖苷异鼠李素 Isorhamnetin 3-O-sophoroside-7-O-rhamnoside 960 ± 240 1 760 ± 960 220 ± 110 50 ± 40 210 ± 40 3-O-葡萄糖-7-O-鼠李糖苷异鼠李素 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside 2 170 ± 1 360 3 350 ± 1890 140 ± 120 50 ± 30 230 ± 40 3-O-芸香糖苷槲皮素 Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside 580 ± 260 590 ± 210 390 ± 50 — — 3-O-葡萄糖苷槲皮素 Quercetin 3-O-glucoside 570 ± 210 670 ± 230 870 ± 410 — 20 ± 10 3-O-芸香糖苷异鼠李素 Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside 1810 ± 1 230 1 470 ± 560 2 920 ± 1 560 130 ± 40 110 ± 20 O-葡萄糖苷异鼠李素 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside 360 ± 230 560 ± 210 1 340 ± 790 — 10 ± 10 槲皮素 Quercetin 140 ± 80 110 ± 20 160 ± 50 — 20 ± 10 O-鼠李糖苷山柰酚 Kaempferol 7-O-rhamnoside 60 ± 10 100 ± 10 — 480 ± 150 40 ± 10 山柰酚 Kaempferol 20 ± 20 — 30 ± 10 20 ± 10 10 ± 10 异鼠李素 Isorhamnetin 140 ± 120 120 ± 50 290 ± 130 — 20 ± 10 注：RS. 中国沙棘；RY. 云南沙棘；RW. 卧龙沙棘；NS. 肋果沙棘；TI. 西藏沙棘；— 未检出。Notes: RS, Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis; RY, Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. yunnanensis; RW, Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. wolongensis; NS, Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. stellatopilosa; TI, Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. tibetana; — means not detected.
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表 3 两亚种浆果和种子中TAG和GPL中脂肪酸构成表
Table 3 Fatty acid composition of TAG and GPL in seeds and berries of the two subspecies
% 脂肪酸
Fatty acidTAG GPL 果实 Fruit 种子 Seed 果实 Fruit 籽 Seed 中国沙棘
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis蒙古沙棘
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp.
mongonica中国沙棘
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis蒙古沙棘
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp.
mongonica中国沙棘
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis蒙古沙棘
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp.
mongonica中国沙棘
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis蒙古沙棘
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp.
mongonica16∶00 27.4 33.9 9 8.6 16.4 21.1 14.1 17.0 16∶1 (n-7) 21.9 32.8 < 0.5 < 0.5 15.9 21.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 18∶00 1.5 1.2 2.2 3.3 1.6 2.4 3.3 6.0 18∶1 (n-9) 20.2 4.6 22.4 17.9 18.5 4.3 22.2 10 18∶1 (n-7) 6.2 6.4 2 2.1 9.2 8.5 4.7 4.3 18∶2 (n-6) 13.2 15.5 35.4 38.6 22.2 32.1 42.7 47.7 18∶3 (n-3) 9.7 5.6 29 29.1 16.2 10.1 13 14.8 合计 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
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