Abstract: Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is a plant resource with strong resistance to stress, adaptability and sprouting. It is widely used in barren hill greening, soil improvement, soil and water conservation, and sandstone management in loess hilly areas. Seabuckthorn not only has good ecological value, but also its fruits are rich in various biologically active substances. This study summarized and analyzed the composition, distribution, and activity characteristics of activated substances in seabuckthorn fruits by literature data. The current research status of active substances in seabuckthorn fruits is also prospected. Based on the related literatures reviewed, the chemical constituents, which widely present in seabuckthorn fruits including flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, organic acids, inositol, vitamins, carotenoids, unsaturated fatty acids and sterols, were described and summarized. And the purpose is to provide comprehensive information on the distribution of important active substances in seabuckthorn fruit. The current research on the composition, distribution and active characteristics of active substances in seabuckthorn fruits is abundant. However, there are still shortages in some areas, such as the impact of cultivation techniques on active substances, and the correlation between active substances and odors in seabuckthorn fruit processing, there is no relevant literature on the concerns of these compounds in the development of seabuckthorn. This article provides theoretical support for the comprehensive utilization of seabuckthorn fruits in food, pharmaceutical and health product industries. It also provides a reference for promoting the comprehensive development of seabuckthorn resources in the economy.