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    张煜星, 王雪军, 蒲莹, 张建波. 1949—2018年中国森林资源碳储量变化研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2021, 43(5): 1-14. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200237
    引用本文: 张煜星, 王雪军, 蒲莹, 张建波. 1949—2018年中国森林资源碳储量变化研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2021, 43(5): 1-14. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200237
    Zhang Yuxing, Wang Xuejun, Pu Ying, Zhang Jianbo. Changes in forest resource carbon storage in China between 1949 and 2018[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2021, 43(5): 1-14. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200237
    Citation: Zhang Yuxing, Wang Xuejun, Pu Ying, Zhang Jianbo. Changes in forest resource carbon storage in China between 1949 and 2018[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2021, 43(5): 1-14. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200237

    1949—2018年中国森林资源碳储量变化研究

    Changes in forest resource carbon storage in China between 1949 and 2018

    • 摘要:
        目的  建立全国单木材积生物量模型非常重要且必要。研究中国的森林碳储量变化及其碳汇能力对于估算区域碳收支和制定应对气候变化的森林管理政策具有重要意义。
        方法  本文结合森林资源清查抽样总体和气候区差异的实际,利用全国森林资源清查22种主要树种的生物量建模实测数据,分别建立区域性单木生物量与材积回归模型,利用1949—2018年间11个时间段的森林资源清查和统计数据,系统测算出了近70年全国及各个区域森林碳储量和碳源汇能力,以期揭示出70年来我国森林碳储量的变化规律和原因以及对碳汇的相关贡献。
        结果  研究结果表明:在1949—2018年间,林分、疏林等森林资源碳储总量由4.509 × 1012 kg增加到8.601 × 1012 kg,增加了90.74%,其中2014—2018年期间年均增长3.09%;林分碳储量由4.38 × 1012 kg增加到7.97 × 1012 kg,增加了81.97%;林分碳密度在1973—1976年时段最低为31.64 t/hm2,2014—2018年时段增加到44.30 t/hm2,但是仍然没有达到1949年的46.48 t/hm2;各区域的森林资源碳储总量都有不同程度的增加,尤其是华北区和东南沿海区增长较快,分别增加了145.91%和116.63%;全国及各个区域的森林碳储量和碳密度的变化规律基本呈现出先下降后增加的趋势。全国碳源汇的变化规律也与此基本相同,1981年之前,年均碳积累是负值,以碳源为主,1981年之后碳积累是正值,年均生物量碳汇0.122 × 1012 kg/a,且积累能力不断提高。林分生物量碳库在森林总碳库中占据主要地位,各期的全国林分碳储量占碳储总量的比例均在80%以上;由于我国人工林面积大量增加,碳累积增长速度很快,自20世纪70年代以来年均生物量碳汇为0.04 × 1012 kg/a;天然林在1989年前虽然碳累积为负值,但自我国实行天然林保护工程以来,天然林碳汇能力持续增强,是我国森林碳逐年累积的主要贡献者。
        结论  随着我国全面实施天然林保护、生态修复和保护政策持续加强,同时中国现阶段以中幼龄林为主的森林已进入快速增长期,因此未来中国的森林碳汇潜力巨大。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  It is very important and necessary to establish the national single tree volume biomass model. The research on forest carbon storage change and carbon sequestration capacity has great significance to the forest management policies of estimating regional carbon balance and addressing climate change.
        Method   With forest resource sampling population and the difference of climate zones, using the survey data from 22 main forest type biomass building models in national forest inventory, establishing regional individual tree regression models of biomass and stock volume, using 11 periods of forest inventory and statistics data from 1949 to 2018, the paper calculates forest carbon storage and carbon sequestration capacity in 70 forest regions to explore forest carbon storage change regulations, causes and contribution to carbon sequestration in 70 years.
        Result  From 1949 to 2018, forest carbon storage of forest stand and sparse forest increased from 4.509 × 1012 to 8.601 × 1012 kg, increased by 90.74%. Average annual increase was 3.09% during 2014 to 2019; carbon storage of forest storage increased from 4.38 × 1012 to 7.97 × 1012 kg, increased by 81.97%; the lowest carbon intensity of forest stand from 1973 to 1976 was 31.64 t/ha, and increased to 44.30 t/ha from 2014 to 2018, but it cannot reach 46.48 t/ha in 1949. Forest carbon storage in different regions increased differently. Forest carbon storage in north China and southeast coast regions increased by 145.91% and 116.63%, respectively. National and regional forest carbon storage and carbon intensity showed the trends of firstly decreased and secondly increased. The national forest showed the same trends. Before 1981, annual average of carbon accumulation was negative and it was carbon source. After 1981, carbon accumulation was positive. Annual average of biomass carbon sequestration was 0.122 × 1012 kg/year, and carbon accumulation increased gradually. Carbon storage of forest stand accounted for the main parts of forest resource, and its carbon storage was more than 80% of total forest carbon storage. As plantation forest area increased in large proportion and its carbon accumulation increased quickly, annual average biomass carbon sequestration had been 0.04 × 1012 kg/year since 1970s; before 1989, natural forest carbon accumulation was negative, but its carbon sequestration capacity had been increased continually since national forest protection program. It was the main contributor to annual forest carbon accumulation.
        Conclusion  With national forest protection, ecosystem restoration and protection, and the dominated middle and young age forest stand had entered into quick growing period. The potential of forest carbon sequestration in China will be great.

       

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