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    吉林省天然红松居群表型变异分析及多样性研究

    Phenotypic variation and diversity of natural Pinus koraiensis populations in Jilin Province of northern China

      摘要
    • 摘要:
        目的  为揭示天然红松居群的表型分化程度及变异模式，以吉林省的6个天然红松居群为研究对象，
        方法  采用方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析及多性状综合评价等方法对红松居群的13个表型性状（针叶性状和种实性状）进行系统分析和综合评价。
        结果  （1）除针叶束粗/针叶厚在居群间差异未达显著水平外，其余性状在居群内和居群间均达极显著差异水平（ P < 0.01）。（2）在居群间红松的平均表型分化系数为59.33%，其变异大于群体内（40.67%）。（3）6个居群的平均表型变异系数为11.30%，针叶性状和种实性状的表型变异系数依次为针叶性状（14.56%） > 球果性状（10.48%） > 种子性状（5.87%）。（4）主成分分析结果表明，红松居群表型多样性基本来源为针叶性状 > 种子性状 > 球果性状。（5）利用欧氏距离对红松居群进行聚类分析，将红松6个居群划分为3大类群，分别为P1与P6、P3与P5、P2与P4。（6）利用多性状综合评价法，分别以种实性状（种长、种宽、百粒质量和球果质量）和针叶性状（针叶长、针叶宽、针叶厚、针叶束粗）对天然红松居群进行评价，分别筛选出1个居群。
        结论  红松居群具有中等的表型多样性，居群间和居群内均存在丰富的表型变异，研究结果为今后红松种质资源的保护和利用提供基础，为红松优良居群的构建提供材料。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  In order to reveal the phenotypic differentiation and variation pattern of natural Pinus koraiensis populations, 6 natural populations in Jilin Province of northeastern China were taken as the research object.
        Method  The 13 phenotypic traits (needles traits and fruit traits) of the Pinus koraiensis population were systematically analyzed and comprehensively assessed by means of variance analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and comprehensive evaluation of multiple traits.
        Result  (1) Except that there was no significant difference in the ratio of fascicle width to needle thick among populations, the other traits reached extremely significant differences within and among populations (P < 0.01). (2) The average phenotypic differentiation coefficient of Pinus koraiensis among the populations was 59.33%, and its variation was much smaller than within the population (40.67%). (3) The average phenotypic variation coefficient of the 6 populations was 11.30%, the phenotypic variation coefficient decreased from needle traits (14.56%) to cone traits (10.48%) and seed traits (5.87%). (4) The results of principal component analysis indicated that, the basic source of phenotypic diversity of Pinus koraiensis population was needle traits > seed traits > cone traits. (5) The results of cluster analysis showed that the 6 populations of Pinus koraiensis were divided into 3 groups. (6) Using comprehensive evaluation of multiple traits method, the natural populations were evaluated by fruit traits (seed length, seed diameter, hundred seed mass, cone mass) and needle traits (needle length, needle diameter, needle thick, fascicle width), and 1 population was screened out, respectively.
        Conclusion  Pinus koraiensis populations have moderate phenotypic diversity, and there are abundant phenotypic variations between and within groups. The research results can provide a basis for the protection and utilization of Pinus koraiensis germplasm resources, and it can provide materials for the construction of superior populations of Pinus koraiensis.

       

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