Characteristics and its influencing factors of forest soil dominant bacterial community in different elevations on the southern slope of Daiyun Mountain, Fujian Province of eastern China
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摘要:
目的 探讨土壤细菌群落在戴云山保护区不同海拔梯度（900 ~ 1 500 m）分布特征，为理解海拔影响森林土壤结构和功能提供理论依据。 方法 基于高通量测序探讨不同海拔土壤细菌群落组成及多样性，并分析环境因子对土壤优势细菌群落结构的影响过程。 结果 （1）随海拔升高，土壤全磷含量总体呈逐渐递减；土壤有效磷含量整体呈单峰模式；土壤全碳和全氮含量呈双峰变化趋势。（2）不同海拔中土壤细菌优势菌门为变形菌门、酸杆菌门和放线菌门（相对丰度 > 10%）。（3）不同海拔梯度土壤细菌多样性指数如物种数、Chao1指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和ACE指数沿海拔梯度呈先上升后下降的趋势，均在1 100 m处达到峰值，且达到显著水平（P < 0.05）。（4）微生物共现网络分析表明戴云山不同海拔土壤优势细菌群落具有明显模块化结构，关键类群包括变形菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门和疣微菌门的部分属，其中变形菌门的细菌关键类群最多。 结论 海拔、坡度、pH值、土壤全氮、水解氮和土壤有效磷是驱动不同海拔森林土壤优势细菌群落结构及多样性的主要因子。 Abstract:Objective We aimed to explore the distribution characteristics of forest soil bacterial communities in different elevations (900−1500 m) in Daiyun Mountain, Fujian Province of eastern China. Method We used high-throughput sequencing to study the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities at different elevations, and analyzed the effect of environmental factors on soil dominant bacterial communities. Result (1) With the increasing of elevation, the content of soil total phosphorus showed a monotonic decreasing trend, the content of soil available phosphorus showed an unimodal trend, and the contents of soil total carbon and nitrogen presented a bimodal distribution trend. (2) In Daiyun Mountain, the dominant phyla bacteria in soil were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria (relative abundance > 10%). (3) The soil diversity indices, such as species number, Chao1 index, Shannon-Wiener index and ACE index, increased first and then decreased along the elevation gradients, reaching a maximum at 1100 m. (4) The co-occurrence network analysis further indicated that soil dominant bacterial community had an obviously modular structure at different elevations of Daiyun Mountain. The keystone taxa included the genera from the phylum of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia, and the phylum of Proteobacteria had the maximum keystone genera. Conclusion The elevation, slope, pH value, soil total nitrogen, hydrolysable nitrogen, and available phosphorus are the main factors affecting the forest soil dominant bacterial community structure and diversity at the different elevations of Daiyun Mountain. -
图 1 研究区与采样点位置图
DYS-900表示海拔900 m，以此类推。DYS-900 indicates the elevation of 900 m in Daiyun Mountain, and so on.
Figure 1. Location of the study area and sampling plots
图 2 土壤细菌群落门水平的主要组成与相对丰度
Figure 2. Main composition of relative abundance of soil bacterial community on the phylum levels
图 3 不同海拔土壤优势细菌群落的非度量多维标度（NMDS）分析
Figure 3. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of soil bacterial community at different elevations
图 4 不同因子对土壤优势细菌群落β多样性的解释度
ELE. 海拔；SWC. 土壤含水量；ST. 土壤表层温度；pH. pH值；AP.土壤有效磷；TC. 土壤全碳；HN. 水解氮；TN. 土壤全氮；TK. 土壤全K；SLO. 坡度；TP. 土壤全磷。**和***分别表示在P < 0.01和P < 0.001显著相关。下同。ELE, elevation; SWC, soil water content; ST, soil surface temperature; pH, pH value; AP, soil available phosphorous; TC, soil total carbon; HN, hydrolyzed nitrogen; TN, soil total nitrogen; TK, soil total potassium; SLO, slope; TP, soil total phosphorus. ** and *** indicate significant correlations at P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 level, respectively. The same below.
Figure 4. Interpretation rate of different factors to the beta diversity of soil dominant bacterial community
图 5 不同海拔土壤细菌优势门群落与环境因子的冗余分析
Figure 5. Redundancy analysis of soil dominant phylum bacterial community and environmental factors at different elevations
图 6 不同海拔土壤细菌优势OTUs的共现网络分析
Figure 6. Co-occurrence network analysis of soil dominant bacterial OTUs in different elevations
表 1 戴云山样地基本概况
Table 1. Basic information of sample plots in Daiyun Mountain
样地编号
Sample plot No.经度
Longitude纬度
Latitude森林类型
Forest type主要树种
Main tree species海拔
Elevation/m平均温度
Average temperature/℃坡度
Slope/（°）坡向
AspectDYS-900 118°10′36″E 25°38′46″N CEBF CG + CL 915 23.2 28 SW DYS-1000 118°10′38″E 25°38′51″N CEBF CL + CG 1 001 22.6 35 SW DYS-1100 118°10′43″E 25°38′57″N CEBF CL + CG 1 091 21.5 40 S DYS-1200 118°10′53″E 25°39′06″N CEBF CL + MT 1 201 21.4 35 S DYS-1300 118°10′55″E 25°39′22″N CEBF ER + PT 1 321 21.2 35 S DYS-1400 118°10′58″E 25°39′32″N CF PT + ER 1 411 20.4 30 S DYS-1500 118°10′57″E 25°39′47″N CF PT + RS 1 501 19.8 23 W 注：CEBF.针阔混交林；CF.针叶林；CG.青冈；CL.杉木；MT.红楠；PT.黄山松；ER. 窄基红褐柃；RS.映山红；SW.西南；S.南；W.西。Notes: CEBF, coniferous and evergreen broadleaved forest; CF, coniferous forest; CG, Cyclobalanopsis glauca; CL, Cunninghamia lanceolata; MT, Machilus thunbergii; PT, Pinus taiwanensis; ER, Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata; RS, Rhododendron simsii; SW, southwest; S, south; W, west. 
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表 2 不同海拔土壤理化性质
Table 2. Soil physical and chemical properties of soil at different elevations
海拔
Elevation/mpH 土壤含水量
Soil water content (SWC)/%全碳
Total carbon (TC)/(g·kg−1)全氮
Total nitrogen (TN)/(g·kg−1)全磷
Total phosphorus (TP)/(g·kg−1)全钾
Total potassium (TK)/(g·kg−1)水解氮
Hydrolyzed nitrogen (HN)/(mg·kg−1)有效磷
Available phosphorus (AP)/(mg·kg−1)900 3.87 ± 0.01a 35.51 ± 0.41c 39.68 ± 0.6e 3.66 ± 0.03d 0.36 ± 0.002a 20.91 ± 0.24a 242.18 ± 12.00c 1.18 ± 0.03c 1 000 3.66 ± 0.02c 46.86 ± 2.65b 90.59 ± 1.9a 4.72 ± 0.04b 0.28 ± 0.003ab 13.41 ± 0.36d 333.05 ± 89.54abc 1.87 ± 0.01a 1 100 3.81 ± 0.05b 44.01 ± 3.39b 52.84 ± 0.6c 3.02 ± 0.05e 0.21 ± 0.002b 13.54 ± 0.10d 281.48 ± 26.89bc 1.30 ± 0.01b 1 200 3.86 ± 0.01a 43.50 ± 3.58b 68.21 ± 0.0b 4.85 ± 0.07b 0.24 ± 0.064ab 16.59 ± 0.13c 385.62 ± 81.16ab 0.74 ± 0.00d 1 300 3.51 ± 0.01d 43.91 ± 3.68b 89.64 ± 0.1a 5.28 ± 0.24a 0.20 ± 0.068b 16.41 ± 0.34c 377.75 ± 63.56ab 0.46 ± 0.04e 1 400 3.52 ± 0.01d 34.71 ± 0.96c 50.07 ± 0.0d 4.11 ± 0.03c 0.20 ± 0.045b 18.41 ± 0.25b 325.68 ± 94.28abc 0.43 ± 0.06e 1 500 3.67 ± 0.01c 54.19 ± 3.66a 34.66 ± 0.2f 3.11 ± 0.08e 0.19 ± 0.036b 16.36 ± 0.13c 418.52 ± 30.77a 0.24 ± 0.04f 注：同列不同字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。Notes: different letters indicate significant difference in the same column (P < 0.05). The same below.
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表 3 不同海拔土壤细菌的多样性指数
Table 3. Soil bacterial diversity indices at different elevations
海拔
Elevation/m物种数
Species numberChao 1指数
Chao 1 index香农指数
Shannon indexACE指数
ACE index900 2 775.33 ± 8.97c 3 001.18 ± 21.24d 9.48 ± 0.02d 3 028.24 ± 11.69c 1 000 3 017.33 ± 4.84b 3 299.03 ± 12.63bc 9.56 ± 0.01c 3 310.89 ± 5.03b 1 100 3 222.00 ± 16.04a 3 508.03 ± 22.30a 9.77 ± 0.01a 3 529.94 ± 21.80a 1 200 2 998.33 ± 18.48b 3 341.49 ± 31.92b 9.65 ± 0.01b 3 315.42 ± 24.55b 1 300 3 031.33 ± 16.37b 3 310.06 ± 24.92bc 9.61 ± 0.02b 3 329.75 ± 23.93b 1 400 3 026.33 ± 19.37b 3 263.20 ± 30.45bc 9.64 ± 0.02b 3 296.76 ± 28.56b 1 500 2 992.33 ± 19.01b 3 256.32 ± 26.72c 9.62 ± 0.01b 3 303.86 ± 25.17b
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表 4 环境因子与土壤细菌优势门群落间的显著性检验
Table 4. Significant test between environmental factors and dominant phyla of soil bacterial communities
环境因子
Environmental factor模型检验F值
Model test F value显著性检验P值
Significance test P value海拔 Elevation 20.251 2 0.001*** 坡度 Slope 6.459 2 0.001*** pH值 pH value 3.434 8 0.009** 土壤全氮
Soil total nitrogen3.309 6 0.015* 水解氮
Hydrolyzed nitrogen2.645 5 0.039* 土壤有效磷
Soil available phosphorus4.562 7 0.003** 注：*表示在P < 0.05水平上显著相关；**表示在P < 0.01水平上显著相关；***表示在P < 0.001水平上显著相关。整个拟合方程显著度F = 6.772，P = 0.001***。Notes: * indicates significant correlation at P < 0.05 level, ** indicates significant correlation at P < 0.01 level, *** indicates significant correlation at P < 0.001 level. The significance of whole stimulated equation is F = 6.772, with P = 0.001***.
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