Observation of predation behavior and evaluation on predation capacity of Arma chinensis against Hyphantria cunea
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摘要:目的 为明确蠋蝽对美国白蛾捕食的行为学特点，评价其捕食能力。方法 本试验利用室内观察法结合HollingⅡ型圆盘方程拟合方法，研究了蠋蝽成虫和若虫对美国白蛾幼虫的捕食行为特点和捕食能力。结果 蠋蝽取食美国白蛾幼虫表现为搜寻、刺探、等待和取食4种行为。不同虫龄组合在搜寻时长（P = 0.005）和取食时长（P = 0.002）上差异极显著。在蠋蝽虫龄一定的情况下，搜寻时长会随着美国白蛾幼虫虫龄的增加而减少，取食时长会随着美国白蛾幼虫虫龄的增加而增加。蠋蝽的口针从幼虫头部刺入的比率显著高于胸部和腹部（P = 0.001），推测有利于蠋蝽迅速控制和杀死幼虫。蠋蝽4、5龄若虫和成虫对美国白蛾3、4、5龄幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ模型（0.011 4 ~ 0.198 1 < χ20.05 = 9.49），蠋蝽的捕食量会随着美国白蛾幼虫密度的增加而增加，搜寻效应会随着美国白蛾幼虫密度的升高而降低。蠋蝽成虫和5龄若虫对美国白蛾3龄幼虫的理论日最大捕食量均超过8头，蠋蝽对美国白蛾3龄幼虫的瞬间攻击率均高于4龄和5龄幼虫。蠋蝽林间套袋防治美国白蛾3龄幼虫试验结果显示：蠋蝽成虫捕食量（6.60 ± 0.40）头 > 蠋蝽5龄若虫捕食量（4.20 ± 0.58）头 > 蠋蝽4龄若虫捕食量（2.40 ± 0.25）头。结论 本研究表明蠋蝽成虫与蠋蝽5龄若虫对美国白蛾幼虫具有较好的捕食能力，可作为一种生物防治手段适用于美国白蛾的防治。
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关键词:
- 蠋蝽 /
- 美国白蛾 /
- 捕食行为 /
- HollingⅡ型圆盘方程 /
- 捕食功能反应
Abstract:Objective This paper aims to clarify the characteristics of predation behavior of Arma chinensis on Hyphantria cunea and evaluate the predation capacity of A. chinensis.Method The predation behavior and predation capacity of adult and nymph of A. chinensis to the larvae of H. cunea were studied by means of indoor observation combined with the method of HollingⅡ disc equation fitting.Result The process of predating could be divided into 4 kinds of behaviours: searching, piercing-sucking, waiting and feeding. The differences were extremely significant in searching time (P = 0.005) and piercing-sucking time (P = 0.002) among different groups. The searching time decreased with the increase of instar, and the feeding time increased with the increase of instar when the instar of A. chinensis was same. The ratio of A. chinensis piercing the stylet into the head of H. cunea larvae was significantly higher than thorax and abdomen (P = 0.001). We speculated that piercing into the head will be beneficial to controlling and killing larvae rapidly. The predatory functional response of 4th, 5th instar nymph and adult of A. chinensis to 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae of H. cunea was all agreed with the HollingⅡ disc equation (0.011 4−0.198 1 < χ20.05 = 9.49). The predation increased with the increase of prey density, and the searching effect decreased with the increase of prey density. The theoretical maximum daily predation of adult and 5th instar nymph of A. chinensis to 3rd instar larvae of H. cunea was all above 8 and the instantaneous attack rates of A. chinensis to 3rd instar larvae of H. cunea were all higher than 4th and 5th instar larvae. The predation of A. chinensis preying on 3rd larvae of H. cunea under bagging condition in forest after 7 days showed that: adult (6.60 ± 0.40) > 5th instar nymph (4.20 ± 0.58) > 4th instar nymph (2.40 ± 0.25).Conclusion The adult and 5th instar nymph of A. chinensis have better predation capacity on the larvae of H. cunea, which could be used as a means of biocontrol against H. cunea. -
《北京林业大学学报》（原名《北京林学院学报》）创刊于1979年，由教育部主管、北京林业大学主办，国内外公开发行。历任主编分别为我国6位著名林学家汪振儒、沈国舫、关毓秀、王九龄、贺庆棠、尹伟伦。
《北京林业大学学报》是中文核心期刊、中国科技核心期刊、中国科学引文数据库统计源期刊、中国科技论文统计源期刊。荣获第二届国家期刊奖提名奖、第三届国家期刊奖百种重点期刊、中国精品科技期刊、中国高校精品科技期刊、中国国际影响力优秀学术期刊、“中国科技论文在线优秀期刊”一等奖等。
连续收录《北京林业大学学报》的著名检索期刊和数据库有：美国《化学文摘》（CA）、俄罗斯《文摘杂志》（AJ）、英国国际农业与生物学数据库（CABI）、英国《动物学记录》（ZR）、中国科学引文数据库（CSCD）、中国科技论文统计与引文分析数据库（CSTPCD）、《中国学术期刊文摘》《中国生物学文摘》、中国林业科技文献数据库等。
《北京林业大学学报》是中国最有代表性的林业科学期刊之一，主要刊登代表中国林业科学研究前沿创新水平的稿件。期刊定位为“立足中国，面向世界”的全国性林业科学期刊。面向国内外作者广泛征稿，对校内外稿件的质量要求一视同仁。
为保持学科特色，《北京林业大学学报》重点报道以林木遗传育种学、森林培育学、森林经理学、森林生态学、树木生理学、森林土壤学、森林植物学、森林保护学、自然保护区学、园林植物与观赏园艺、风景园林、水土保持与荒漠化防治、森林工程、木材科学与技术、林产化学加工工程、其他学科在林学上的应用等方面的论文。
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《北京林业大学学报》自2015年起由原来的双月刊改为单月刊，大16开本，每月月底出版。每期定价50元。各地邮局发行，邮发代号：82−304。国内统一刊号：CN 11−1932/S。如当地邮局订阅不便或错过征订时间，也可直接汇款向本刊编辑部订阅。
地址：北京市海淀区清华东路35号《北京林业大学学报》编辑部
邮编：100083 发行电话：010−62338397 联系人：刘大林
发行电子信箱：liudalin@bjfu.edu.cn
网址：http://j.bjfu.edu.cn，http://journal.bjfu.edu.cn
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图 2 蠋蝽对美国白蛾幼虫不同部位刺探次数比率
Figure 2. Ratio of piercing-sucking position during A. chinensis predating the larvae of H. cunea
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图 3 蠋蝽捕食美国白蛾
A.蠋蝽成虫刺吸美国白蛾4龄幼虫头部；B.蠋蝽5龄若虫刺吸美国白蛾4龄幼虫头部；C.蠋蝽4龄若虫刺吸美国白蛾4龄幼虫头部；D.蠋蝽3龄若虫刺吸美国白蛾4龄幼虫头部 A, adult of A. chinensis attacking the head of 4th instar larvae of H. cunea; B, 5th instar nymph of A. chinensis attacking the head of 4th instar larvae of H. cunea; C, 4th instar nymph of A. chinensis attacking the head of 4th instar larvae of H. cunea; D, 3rd instar nymph of A. chinensis attacking the head of 4th instar larvae of H. cunea
Figure 3. A. chinensis prey on H. cunea larvae
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图 4 蠋蝽刺吸美国白蛾3龄幼虫前后对比
A ~ C分别为正常幼虫、幼虫未被完全吸干的死亡状态、幼虫被完全吸干的死亡状态。A−C represent CK, death state of larvae incompletely sucked out, death state of larvae completely sucked out, respectively.
Figure 4. Comparison of 3rd larvae of H. cunea before and after pierce-sucked by A. chinensis
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图 5 蠋蝽捕食白蛾幼虫的搜寻时长以及取食时长
5N. 5龄若虫；3L、4L、5L分别为3龄、4龄和5龄幼虫；AD. 成虫。不同小写字母表示差异显著水平（P < 0.05），不同大写字母表示差异极显著水平（P < 0.01）。5N, 5th instar nymph; 3L, 4L and 5L mean 3rd instar, 4th instar and 5th instar larvae, respectively; AD, adult. Different lowercase letters indicate significant level of difference (P < 0.05), different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant level of difference (P < 0.01).
Figure 5. Searching and feeding time of A. chinensis predating the larvae of H. cunea
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图 6 蠋蝽成虫对美国白蛾3、4、5龄幼虫的捕食功能反应
Figure 6. Functional response of adult of A. chinensis to 3rd, 4th, 5th instar larvae of H. cunea
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图 7 蠋蝽5龄若虫对美国白蛾3、4、5龄幼虫的捕食功能反应
Figure 7. Functional response of 5th instar nymph of A. chinensis to 3rd, 4th, 5th instar larvae of H. cunea
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图 8 蠋蝽4龄若虫对美国白蛾3、4、5龄幼虫的捕食功能反应
Figure 8. Functional response of 4th instar nymph of A. chinensis to 3rd, 4th, 5th instar larvae of H. cunea
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图 9 蠋蝽成虫对美国白蛾3、4、5龄幼虫的搜寻效应
Figure 9. Searching effect of adult of A. chinensis to 3rd, 4th, 5th instar larvae of H. cunea
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图 10 蠋蝽5龄若虫对美国白蛾3、4、5龄幼虫的搜寻效应
Figure 10. Searching effect of 5th instar nymph of A. chinensis to 3rd, 4th, 5th instar larvae of H. cunea
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图 11 蠋蝽4龄若虫对美国白蛾3、4、5龄幼虫的搜寻效应
Figure 11. Searching effect of 4th instar nymph of A. chinensis to 3rd, 4th, 5th instar larvae of H. cunea
表 1 蠋蝽对美国白蛾捕食功能反应模型拟合结果
Table 1 Fitting results of the functional response models of H. cunea by A. chinensis
蠋蝽虫龄
Instar of
A. chinensis美国白蛾虫龄
Instar of
H. cunea捕食功能反应方程
Predation function response
equation瞬时攻击率
Instantaneous
attack rate （a）处理时间
Processing
time （Th）/d日最大捕食量
Max. daily
predator capacity相关系数
Correlation
coefficientχ2 成虫
Adult3龄 3rd instar Na = 1.193N/(1 + 0.142N) 1.193 0.119 8.406 0.957 0.149 5 4龄 4th instar Na = 0.903N/(1 + 0.125N) 0.903 0.138 7.225 0.949 0.123 7 5龄 5th instar Na = 0.824N/(1 + 0.377N) 0.824 0.457 2.189 0.902 0.132 3 5龄若虫
5th instar nymph3龄 3rd instar Na = 1.017N/(1 + 0.127N) 1.017 0.125 8.002 0.942 0.198 1 4龄 4th instar Na = 0.650N/(1 + 0.127N) 0.650 0.195 5.139 0.900 0.147 8 5龄 5th instar Na = 0.553N/(1 + 0.391N) 0.553 0.707 1.414 0.981 0.011 4 4龄若虫
4th instar nymph3龄 3rd instar Na = 1.099N/(1 + 0.175N) 1.099 0.159 6.279 0.982 0.029 0 4龄 4th instar Na = 0.841N/(1 + 0.211N) 0.841 0.250 4.001 0.962 0.058 7 5龄 5th instar Na = 0.241N/(1 + 0.187N) 0.241 0.774 1.292 0.952 0.020 6 
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表 2 蠋蝽成虫以及若虫对美国白蛾3龄幼虫不同时期的捕食量
Table 2 Predation capacity of adult and nymph of A. chinensis against 3rd instar larvae of H. cunea in different periods
组别
Group3 d捕食量
Predation
capacity after
3 days5 d捕食量
Predation
capacity after
5 days7 d捕食量
Predation
capacity after
7 days蠋蝽成虫
Adult of
A. chinensis1.40 ± 0.51aA 3.40 ± 0.40aA 6.60 ± 0.40aA 蠋蝽5龄若虫
5th instar nymph
of A. chinensis1.40 ± 0.60aA 2.60 ± 0.50abAB 4.20 ± 0.58bA 蠋蝽4龄若虫
4th instar nymph
of A. chinensis0.20 ± 0.20aA 1.40 ± 0.25bB 2.40 ± 0.25cB 注：不同小写字母表示差异显著水平(P < 0.05)，不同大写字母表示差异极显著水平(P < 0.01)。Notes: different lowercase letters indicate significant level of difference (P < 0.05), different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant level of difference (P < 0.01).
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