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    宁夏灵武白芨滩国家级自然保护区防风固沙功能辐射效益

    Radiation effects of windbreak and sand fixation function in Baijitan National Nature Reserve, Lingwu, Ningxia of northwestern China

      摘要
    • 摘要:
        目的  以宁夏灵武白芨滩国家级自然保护区防风固沙功能辐射效益为研究目标，提出了其辐射效益计算方法，并分析了其时空流动特征。
        方法  基于遥感数据和气象数据，采用风蚀流失量模型和沙尘空间传输模型，评估了2000—2019年白芨滩自然保护区防风固沙功能的辐射效益变化情况。
        结果  白芨滩自然保护区下风向区域的沙尘沉降量呈逐渐下降趋势，其中，沙尘沉降量由2001年的3.22 × 108 t逐渐减少至2019年的1.99 × 107 t，2019年沙尘沉降量仅为2001年的6.18%；该自然保护区防风固沙率稳步上升，由2001年的55.65%升至2019年的74.83%，增长了19.18%。不同辐射范围的沙尘沉降量均呈逐渐减小趋势，如辐射范围等级为 ≤ 6的区域（沙尘传输距离 < 508.5 km），沙尘沉降量由2001年的2.03 × 107 t逐渐减少至2019年的4.25 × 106 t。近20年沙尘沉降减少量最大的3个行政区为陕西省、山西省和河南省，其沙尘沉降减少量分别为5.45 × 106、4.49 × 106、4.06 × 106 t。以陕西省为例，2001、2004、2007、2010、2013、2016、2019年沙尘沉降量分别占该行政区近20年沙尘沉降总量的11.38%、9.83%、5.33%、4.37%、2.96%、1.78%、1.24%；近20年沙尘沉降减少量超过106 t的行政区还包括湖北省、河北省、山东省、湖南省、安徽省、江西省，分别为3.62 × 106、2.70 × 106、2.55 × 106、2.31 × 106、1.77 × 106、1.14 × 106 t。受沙尘灾害影响较弱的行政区主要有福建省、浙江省、天津市等8个行政区。
        结论  该自然保护区下风向区域的沙尘沉降量呈逐年下降趋势，且不同行政区和不同辐射范围等级区域内的沙尘沉降量均呈逐渐减小趋势，防风固沙率呈逐渐上升趋势。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  Considering the major ecosystem service functions of Ningxia Lingwu Baijitan National Nature Reserve as a research object, the method for calculating radiation effects of windbreak and sand fixation was proposed and the spatial flow characteristics of ecosystem services were analyzed.
        Method  Based on remote sensing and meteorological data, changes in the radiation effects of windbreak and sand fixation of Baijitan Nature Reserve were analyzed using the models for wind erosion and dust particle transportation over the last 20 years.
        Result  Dust deposition in the downwind area of the reserve declined continuously. It decreased from 3.22 × 108 t in 2001 to 1.99 × 107 t in 2019, and the dust deposition in 2019 was only 10.55% of that in 2001; and windbreak and sand fixation rate of the reserve increased steadily from 55.65% in 2001 to 74.38% in 2019 with an increment of 18.73%. The decline trend of dust deposition in areas with different radiation levels was basically the same. In areas with radiation level ≤ 6 (influence range < 508.5 km), dust deposition decreased gradually from 2.03 × 107 t in 2001 to 4.25 × 106 t in 2019. The decline in dust deposition was maximum in Shaanxi Province of northwestern China (5.45 × 106 t), Shanxi Province of northern China (4.49 × 106 t), and Henan Province of central China (4.06 × 106 t) in the past 20 years. In the same period, administrative regions with a dust deposition of more than 107 t included Hubei Province (3.62 × 106 t), Hunan Province (2.31 × 106 t), and Jiangxi Province (1.14 × 106 t) of central China, Hebei Province of northern China (2.70 × 106 t), Shandong Province (2.55 × 106 t) and Anhui Province (1.77 × 106 t) of eastern China . Administrative regions with weaker effects included Fujian Province, Zhejiang Province of eastern China, and Tianjin of northern China, etc.
        Conclusion  The amount of sand and dust deposition in the downwind area of the nature reserve shows a downward trend year by year, and the amount of sand and dust deposition in different administrative regions and areas with different radiation ranges and levels shows a gradual downward trend, and the windbreak and sand fixation rate shows a gradual upward trend.

       

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