Leaf N and P resorption and stoichiometry characteristics of main tree species in the plain afforestation area of Beijing
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摘要:
目的 通过分析北京平原地区主要造林树种叶片氮（N）和磷（P）再吸收及生态化学计量特征，探讨不同树种对平原造林地生境的生态适应及养分利用机制。 方法 以刺槐、千头椿、旱柳、毛白杨、白蜡和油松等主要造林树种为研究对象，测定其新鲜叶、凋落叶的N、P含量，计算叶片N、P再吸收率并分析其与叶片、土壤养分指标的关系。 结果 刺槐的叶片N含量最高，旱柳的叶片P含量最高；白蜡叶片的N∶P显著高于其他树种（P < 0.05），毛白杨叶片的N∶P最低，刺槐、千头椿、旱柳和油松之间叶片N∶P差异不显著。不同树种凋落叶N、P含量及N∶P与新鲜叶养分相关性不同。刺槐叶片N再吸收率和千头椿叶片P再吸收率显著高于其他树种，多数树种的叶片N再吸收率或P再吸收率与其凋落叶养分含量表现出显著负相关。 结论 刺槐、旱柳、白蜡和油松的生长受到 P 限制，千头椿和毛白杨生长受到 N 限制。树种能通过叶片N、P再吸收来适应养分限制环境。建议在平原林养护中加强林分结构调整、凋落叶归还林地、人工补植补造等措施以改善平原林养分限制状况。 Abstract:Objective Based on the analysis of leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) reabsorption and ecological stoichiometry characteristics of the main tree species in the plain afforestation area of Beijing, the ecological adaptation and nutrient utilization mechanism of different tree species were investigated. Method Six tree species (Robinia pseudoacacia, Ailanthus altissima, Salix matsudana, Populus tomentosa, Fraxinus chinensis and Pinus tabuliformis) were taken as the research objects, the contents of N and P in fresh leaves and leaf litter were determined, the N and P reabsorption efficiency was calculated and also their relationships with leaf and soil nutrient indices were analyzed. Result The leaf N content of Robinia pseudoacacia and P content of Salix matsudana were the highest; the leaf N∶P ratio of Fraxinus chinensis was significantly higher than that of other tree species (P < 0.05), while the leaf N∶P ratio of Populus tomentosa was the lowest. There was no significant difference among Robinia pseudoacacia, Ailanthus altissima, Salix matsudana and Pinus tabuliformis. The contents of N and P, and N∶P ratio in leaf litter of different tree species were significantly different from fresh leaves. The N reabsorption of Robinia pseudoacacia leaves and the P reabsorption of Ailanthus altissima leaves were significantly higher than those of other tree species. For most tree species, there was a significant negative correlation between nutrient content of leaf litter and N or P resorption. Conclusion The study shows that the growth of Robinia pseudoacacia, Salix matsudana, Fraxinus chinensis and Pinus tabuliformis was restricted by P content, the growth of Ailanthus altissima and Populus tomentosa was restricted by N content. Therefore, the main afforestation tree species can adapt to nutrient restriction environment through leaf N and P resorption. These findings suggest that measures such as forest structure adjustment, leaf litter returning to woodland, artificial supplementary planting and fertilization should be taken to improve the nutrient limitation in plain forests. -
图 1 不同树种新鲜叶和凋落叶N和P含量和化学计量比
RO.刺槐；AI.千头椿；SA.旱柳；PO.毛白杨；FR.白蜡；PI.油松。 不同小写字母表示同一指标不同树种之间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。RO, Robinia pseudoacacia; AI, Ailanthus altissima ‘Qiantou’; SA, Salix matsudana; PO, Populus tomentosa; FR, Fraxinus chinensis; PI, Pinus tabuliformis. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at varied tree species for the same index (P < 0.05). The same below.
Figure 1. N and P contents and stoichiometric ratio of fresh and fallen leaves of different tree species
表 1 北京平原造林主要树种林分和土壤性质概况（平均值 ± 标准偏差）
Table 1. Basic situation and soil properties of main silviculture tree species in Beijing plain area (mean ± SD)
树种类型
Tree species type林分平均密度/（株·hm−2）
Average stand
density/(tree·ha−1)平均胸径
Average DBH/cm平均树高
Average tree
height/m土壤全氮含量
Soil total N
content/(g·kg–1)土壤全磷含量
Soil total P
content/(g·kg–1)土壤N∶P
Soil N∶P刺槐
Robinia pseudoacacia624 13.7 6.1 0.71 ± 0.09b 0.66 ± 0.04b 1.08 ± 0.12b 千头椿
Ailanthus altissima ‘Qiantou’628 13.2 6.8 0.37 ± 0.07d 0.65 ± 0.01b 0.56 ± 0.08b 旱柳
Salix matsudana622 17.6 11.1 0.57 ± 0.11c 0.51 ± 0.02c 1.12 ± 0.06a 毛白杨
Populus tomentosa626 15.1 12.4 0.64 ± 0.05b 0.60 ± 0.02b 1.07 ± 0.11b 白蜡
Fraxinus chinensis625 12.4 5.7 0.49 ± 0.21c 0.55 ± 0.04c 0.89 ± 0.13c 油松
Pinus tabuliformis626 11.3 5.2 0.81 ± 0.04a 0.87 ± 0.03a 0.93 ± 0.04c 注：同列不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05， n = 54）。Note: different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level (n = 54). 
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表 2 不同造林树种新鲜叶和凋落叶N、P含量及N∶P化学计量特征的相关性
Table 2. Correlation of N, P contents and N∶P stoichiometric characteristics in fresh and fallen leaves of different afforestation tree species
树种 Tree species Ns-Nf Ns-Pf Ns-NPf Ps-Nf Ps-Pf Ps-NPf NPs-Nf NPs-Pf NPs-NPf 刺槐
Robinia pseudoacacia0.632* 0.112 0.324 0.431 0.235 −0.016 0.412 0.025 0.378* 千头椿
Ailanthus altissima ‘Qiantou’0.145 0.223 −0.236 −0.314 0.574* 0.477 0.223 0.502* 0.218 旱柳
Salix matsudana0.412* −0.256 −0.319 −0.453 0.388 −0.527 −0.028 −0.243 −0.539 毛白杨
Populus tomentosa0.034 0.107 0.113 0.328 −0.201 −0.113 −0.012 0.445 0.201 白蜡
Fraxinus chinensis0.048 0.159 0.197 0.224 −0.082 −0.392* −0.257 0.332 0.241 油松
Pinus tabuliformis0.290* −0.175* −0.230 0.019 −0.339 0.203 0.106 −0.052 0.188 注：Nf.新鲜叶N含量；Pf.新鲜叶P含量；NPf.新鲜叶氮磷计量比；Ns.凋落叶N含量；Ps.凋落叶P含量；NPs.凋落叶氮磷计量比；*表示显著相关（P < 0.05）；**表示极显著相关（P < 0.01）。下同。Notes: Nf, fresh leaf N concentration; Pf, fresh leaf P concentration; NPf, fresh leaf N∶P ratio; Ns, senesced leaf N concentration; Ps, senesced leaf P concentration; NPs, senesced leaf N∶P ratio. * indicates significant correlation (P < 0.05), ** indicates extremely significant correlation (P < 0.01). The same below.
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表 3 不同造林树种叶片 N、P 再吸收率与叶片和土壤 N、P 化学计量特征的相关性
Table 3. Correlations between N, P resorption rates (RE) of leaf and N, P stoichiometric characteristics of leaf and soil in six tree species
树种
Tree species再吸收率
RENf Ns Pf Ps NPf NPs 土壤N
Soil N土壤P
Soil P土壤N∶P
Soil N∶P刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia NRE 0.258* −0.387* 0.014 0.128 −0.211 0.162 0.024 0.256 0.362 PRE −0.102 0.223 −0.133 −0.406* 0.323 0.576** −0.113 0.347 0.198 千头椿
Ailanthus altissima ‘Qiantou’NRE 0.122 0.122 0.014 0.301 0.318 0.332 0.147 0.387 0.278 PRE 0.024 0.141 0.101 −0.245* 0.107 0.049 0.165 0.412* 0.361* 旱柳 Salix matsudana NRE 0.109 0.255 0.019 0.056 0.201 0.186 0.164 0.543 0.253 PRE 0.307 0.353 0.113 −0.571** −0.123 0.268 −0.041 0.104 0.130 毛白杨 Populus tomentosa NRE 0.257 −0.284* 0.017 0.031 0.339 0.028 0.271 0.157 0.227 PRE 0.547 0.257 0.099 −0.238 0.207 0.197 −0.153 0.315 0.251 白蜡 Fraxinus chinensis NRE 0.106 0.015 −0.129 0.051 0.101 0.257 0.015 0.024 0.014 PRE 0.213 0.322 −0.153* 0.233 0.208 0.316 −0.18 0.231 0.131 油松 Pinus tabuliformis NRE 0.062 0.158 0.301 0.036 −0.269* −0.275 0.137 0.281 0.151 PRE −0.116 −0.222* −0.270 −0.019 0.139 −0.318 0.224 0.093 0.101
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