Analysis of leaf hydraulics and iso/anisohydry traits of four common trees in Gaotang area of North China
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摘要:
目的 为研究相同环境中不同树种采取的水分适应策略多样性，在山东省高唐地区选取分别在根系分布深度、材性和生长速度方面有着较大差异的4个典型适生树种，元宝枫、紫叶李、毛白杨和刺槐。 方法 研究比较了这4个树种叶片的水力学特性和等水评价，其中水力学特性包括栓塞脆弱性参数，压力−容积(PV)曲线参数，水力结构和功能性状。 结果 结果表明，适应相同的环境的不同树种采取的水分适应策略差异较大，其中紫叶李和元宝枫的水分适应策略较为保守，而刺槐和毛白杨则采取了较为冒险的水分适应策略：浅根性散孔材速生树种紫叶李，其叶片栓塞抗性最强（栓塞脆弱性P50为−2.67 MPa），用水安全性非常高（水力安全边际HSM为1.57 MPa），水分适应策略较为保守；浅根性散孔材慢生树种元宝枫，其叶片偏向于等水调节（水力学面积为0.049 MPa2），可以在水分胁迫时更早的关闭气孔来维持叶片水势和膨压稳定，由于P50比较高而HSM比较低，表现出了低抗栓塞能力和低水力安全性，叶水势的调节范围较窄，但其高Huber值（Hv）显示其具有较高的抗旱性，采用了较为保守的水分适应策略；浅根性环孔材速生树种刺槐，其叶片偏向不等水调节方式，抗栓塞能力较强，叶水势调节范围较广，水分适应策略较为冒险；深根性散孔材速生树种毛白杨，栓塞抗性不强，用水安全系数接近极限（HSM为0.0015 MPa），其叶片维持膨压能力最强（膨压损失点水势ψtlp为−3.36 MPa），确保其在缺水情况下从土壤深处获取水分，采取的水分适应策略较为冒险。 结论 综上所述，树木可以采用不同的水力学特性，等水特性，形态结构特征，应用不同的水分适应策略来适应相同的环境，这种水分适应策略的多样性有利于维持生态系统的稳定性。 Abstract:Objective In order to analysis the diversity of water adaptation strategies adopted by different tree species in same environment, here, we selected four typical suitable tree species with great differences in root distribution depth wood properties and growth speed .These species were Acer truncatum, Prunus cerasifera, Populus tomentosa and Robinia pseudoacacia and planted in Gaotang region, Shandong Province. Method In this study, we compared the hydraulic traits and iso/anisohydry evaluation of the leaves of these four species. The hydraulic traits included embolism vulnerability parameters Pressure-Volume (PV) curve parameters hydraulic structure and functional properties. Results The results indicated that different species selected different water adaptation strategies to adjust to the same environment. Among them, P. cerasifera and A. truncatum owned more conservative water adaptation strategies, while R. pseudoacacia and P. tomentosa adopted more adventurous water adaptation strategies; P. cerasifera is a fast-growing tree with shallow-rooted diffuse-porous wood, it had the strongest leaf embolism resistance (embolism vulnerability P50 is −2.67 MPa). Meanwhile, the water safety of P. cerasifera was very high (hydraulic safety margin HSM is 1.57 MPa), the water adaptation strategy was conservative; A. truncatum is a slow-growing tree species with shallow-rooted diffuse-porous wood, its leaves inclined to isohydraulic regulation (the hydraulic area is 0.049 MPa2).When drought stress is encountered, the stomata can be closed early to keep the leaf water potential and turbulence stable. Its P50 is relatively high and HSM is relatively low, showed low anti-embolism ability and low hydraulic safety. The adjustment range of leaf water potential is narrow. Its high Huber value (Hv) shows that it has high drought resistance. A more conservative water adaptation strategy has been adopted by it. R. pseudoacacia is a kind of fast-growing species, its leaves were inclined to aniso-hydraulic regulation, had strong anti-embolism ability, the range of leaf water potential was wide, the water adaptation strategy was more adventurous. P. tomentosa, is the fast-growing species with deep-rooted diffuse-porous wood and low sieve resistance. The water safety factor is close to limit (HSM is 0.0015 MPa). Its leaves owned the strongest ability to maintain turgor pressure (water potential at turgor pressure loss point ψtlp is −3.36 MPa), to ensure they could obtain water from deep soil under water when in shortage conditions. P. tomentosa selected more risky adaptation strategy. Conclusion In summary, trees could adopt different hydraulic traitsiso/anisohydry traits morphological and structural characteristics to select different water adaptation strategies to adapt the same environment. The diversity of water adaptation strategies is conducive to maintaining the stability of local ecosystem. -
图 1 试验树种的PV曲线参数比较
误差线为标准误差，不同字母表示差异显著，显著性P < 0.05。 Error bars are standard errors, different letters indicate significant differences, significance P < 0.05.
Figure 1. PV curve parameter diagram of test trees
图 3 试验树种ψPD与ψMD的关系
黑色直线为1∶1线，括号中的数字是计算的水景面积。The black straight line is a 1∶1 line, numbers in parentheses are calculated hydroscape areas.
Figure 3. The relationship diagram of experimental tree species ψPD and ψMD
表 1 试验树种的基本特性
Table 1. Basic characteristics of test trees
树种 Tree species 根系分布深度 Root distribution depth 材性 Materiality 生长速度 Speed of growth 元宝枫 Acer truncatum 浅根系 Shallow root system 散孔材 Diffuse porous wood 慢生树种 Low growing species 紫叶李 Prunus cerasifera 浅根系 Shallow root system 散孔材 Diffuse porous wood 速生树种 Fast growing species 毛白杨 Populus tomentosa 深根系 Deep root system 散孔材 Diffuse porous wood 速生树种 Fast growing species 刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia 浅根系 Shallow root system 环孔材 Ring porous wood 速生树种 Fast growing species 
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表 2 试验树种的栓塞脆弱性参数
Table 2. Embolism vulnerability parameters of test tree species
树种
Tree speciesP50/MPa HSM/MPa Kleaf-max/
（mmol·m−2·s−1·MPa−1）元宝枫 A. truncatum −0.774 0.362 9.89 紫叶李 P. Cerasifera −2.668 1.572 10.21 毛白杨 P. tomentosa −1.355 0.0015 7.60 刺槐 R. pseudoacacia −1.966 0.978 5.51
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表 3 试验树种的水力结构及功能性状
Table 3. Hydraulic structure and functional properties of test trees
树种
Tree species叶比导率
Leaf specific conductivity
（LSC）/（kg·Mpa−1·min−1·m−1）Huber 值
Huber value
（HV）比叶面积
Specific leaf area
（SLA）/cm2·g−1叶干物质含量
Leaf dry matter content
（LDMC）元宝枫 A. truncatum 0.005 ± 0.002 a 0.063 ± 0.001 a 126.0 ± 7.6 a 0.36 ± 0.01 a 紫叶李 P. Cerasifera 0.010 ± 0.001 a 0.015 ± 0.002 c 205.4 ± 13.6 b 0.28 ± 0.03 a 毛白杨 P. tomentosa 0.014 ± 0.001 a 0.027 ± 0.001 b 85.1 ± 3.8 a 0.39 ± 0.03 a 刺槐 R. pseudoacacia 0.032 ± 0.004 b 0.007 ± 0.001 d 244.7 ± 24.7 b 0.29 ± 0.02 a 注：均值 ± 标准误，不同字母表示差异显著，显著性P < 0.05。Notes: mean ± standard error, different letters indicate significant differences, significance P < 0.05.
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