整板结构的古筝共鸣面板振动模态的研究

葛颖; 张元婷; 万珂; 苗媛媛; 李宜祥; 田明亮; 郭林杰; 刘镇波

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210136

整板结构的古筝共鸣面板振动模态的研究

doi: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210136

葛颖^1,,
张元婷¹,
万珂¹,
苗媛媛¹,
李宜祥²,
田明亮³,
郭林杰¹,
刘镇波^{1, 4, ,}

1.
东北林业大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室，黑龙江哈尔滨 150040
2.
扬州市良匠古筝制作研究院，江苏扬州 225012
3.
扬州国琴网络科技有限公司，江苏扬州 225000
4.
木质新型材料教育部工程研究中心，黑龙江哈尔滨 150040

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31670559），中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2572019BB05），东北林业大学生创新训练计划项目资助（201910225272）

详细信息

作者简介:
葛颖。主要研究方向：木材声学。Email：nongtiande@foxmail.com　地址：150040 黑龙江省哈尔滨市和兴路26号东北林业大学材料科学与工程学院

责任作者:
刘镇波，教授，博士生导师。主要研究方向：木材声学、木材功能性改良。Email：liu.zhenbo@foxmail.com　地址：同上

中图分类号: TB532；S781.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-12
- 修回日期: 2021-04-30
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-04
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-31

Vibration mode of Guzheng resonance panel with whole board structure

1.
Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
2.
Yangzhou Liangjiang Guzheng Production Research Institute, Yangzhou 225012, Jiangsu, China
3.
Yangzhou Guoqin Network Technology Company Limited, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
4.
Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education,Harbin 150040, Heilongjang, China

摘要

摘要: 目的古筝的演奏效果除了与演奏者的技艺有关，与古筝本身的结构也有密不可分的联系。其中共鸣面板接收琴弦的振动并引起共振发声，是古筝发声过程中至关重要的一部分。本研究以整板结构古筝共鸣面板为研究对象，利用不同分析方法探讨其声学振动性能。方法采用ZSDASP信号采集分析软件对整板结构共鸣面板进行实验模态分析，得出各阶次共振频率及对应模态振型的特点和规律；并建立整板结构共鸣面板的三维模型，对其进行计算模态分析，验证计算模态分析应用于本研究的可行性。结果通过实验模态分析和计算模态分析均得出，随着振动阶次的升高，整板结构共鸣面板模态振型均趋于复杂，且对应的共振频率也逐渐增大；在实验模态结果中，（0, n）、（1, n）和（2, n）等阶次的共振频率较易识别；（0, n）阶对应的模态振型相对清晰易识别，但（1, n）、（2, n）中较低阶次对应的模态振型不明显；计算模态能够识别到的各阶频率所对应的振型为（1, n）和（2, n）阶，与实验模态结果相比缺少（0, n）阶，但计算模态分析得到的结果更具连续性，能够识别到（1, n）和（2, n）的所有阶次，而实验模态分析时个别阶次不够明显。结论将计算模态求解结果与实验模态结果进行对比分析得出，计算模态分析应用于整板结构古筝共鸣面板的振动模态研究具有一定的可行性。
- 古筝 /
- 共鸣面板 /
- 振动模态 /
- 整板结构
Abstract: Objective The performance effect of Guzheng is not only related to the skill of performer, but also closely related to the structure of Guzheng itself. Among them, the resonance panel receives the vibration of string and causes the resonant sound, which is a crucial part of the sound process of Guzheng. In this study, the acoustic vibration performance of Guzheng resonance panel with whole board structure was studied by different analysis methods. Method The experimental modal analysis of the resonant panel was carried out by ZSDASP signal acquisition and analysis software, and the characteristics and laws of the resonance frequencies of each order and the corresponding mode shapes were obtained. A three-dimensional model of the resonance panel of the whole board structure was established, and the computational modal analysis was carried out to verify the feasibility of the computational modal analysis applied in this study. Result Through modal analysis experiment and computational modal analysis, it was found that with the increase of vibration order, the mode shapes of the resonant panel of the whole board structure tended to be more complicated, and the corresponding resonance frequency gradually increased. In the modal experiment results, the resonance frequencies of (0, n), (1, n) and (2, n) orders were easier to identify; the mode shapes corresponding to the (0, n) order were relatively clear and easy to identify, but the mode shapes corresponding to the lower orders of (1, n) and (2, n) were not obvious. The modes corresponding to each frequency that can be identified by the computational modal were (1, n) and (2, n), which were missing (0, n) compared with the experimental modal results. But the results obtained by computational modal analysis were more continuous, and all orders of (1, n) and (2, n) can be identified. Several orders were not obvious enough in experimental modal analysis. Conclusion The results of computational modal analysis are compared with the experimental modal results, and it is concluded that the computational modal analysis is feasible to be applied to the vibration modal research of the resonant panel of the whole board structure of Guzheng.
- Guzheng /
- soundboard /
- vibration mode /
- whole board structure

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图 1 实验模态分析的材料设置方式

Figure 1. Material setup mode of modal analysis experiment

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图 2 整板结构的古筝共鸣面板的各阶共振频率对应振型图及其振动节线图

Figure 2. Vibration mode diagrams and vibration nodal diagrams corresponding to each order resonant frequency of whole Guzheng soundboard

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图 3 整板结构共鸣面板各阶共振频率的变化趋势

Figure 3. Changing trend of resonance frequencies of whole Guzheng soundboard

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图 4 整板结构共鸣面板模型的共振频率和振型

Figure 4. Resonance frequencies and modes of the whole soundboard model

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图 5 整板结构共鸣面板计算模态分析与实验所得各阶次频率变化趋势

Figure 5. Frequency changing trend of each order obtained from the mode analysis and experiment of the whole soundboard

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表 1 共鸣面板的尺寸规格

Table 1. Geometric parameters of soundboard mm

长度 Length	厚度 Thickness	首部宽度 Head width	尾部宽度 Tail width	宽度方向弧长半径 Arc length radius in width direction	长度方向弧长半径 Arc length radius in length direction
1 630	7	350	295	330	7 300

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表 2 计算模态分析与实验所得各阶频率对比

Table 2. Frequency comparison between calculated modal analysis and experimental results

阶数 Order	频率 Frequency/Hz		误差 Error/%	阶数 Order	频率 Frequency/Hz		误差 Error/%
阶数 Order	实验结果 Experimental result	计算结果 Calculated result	误差 Error/%	阶数 Order	实验结果 Experimental result	计算结果 Calculated result	误差 Error/%
(0,0)				(1,5)	608.59	608.59	1.17
(0,1)	238.28			(1,6)	764.21	764.21
(0,2)	347.66			(1,7)	910.29	910.29	2.21
(0,3)	425.78			(1,8)	921.97	921.97	1.73
(0,4)	492.19			(1,9)	1 037.00	1 037.00
(0,5)				(1,10)	1 117.20	1 117.20
(0,6)				(1,11)	1 281.00	1 281.00	−0.63
(0,7)				(2,4)	653.58	653.58	−0.41
(0,8)				(2,5)	712.17	712.17	3.00
(0,9)				(2,6)	758.96	758.96	1.72
(0,10)				(2,7)	941.58	941.58
(1,3)	460.94	462.45	0.33	(2,8)	1 032.50	1 032.50	0.50
(1,4)		537.56

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