Analysis of very volatile organic compounds (VVOC) and odor emission from decorative particleboard
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摘要:
目的 探究饰面刨花板极易挥发性有机化合物（VVOC）及其中气味特征化合物的释放特性，分析厚度和饰面材料对板材VVOC及气味强度的影响，为人造板VVOC及气味研究提供基础数据。 方法 选用不同厚度三聚氰胺浸渍纸饰面刨花板、PVC饰面刨花板和刨花板素板3种板材为实验对象，利用气相色谱–质谱/嗅觉测量技术（GC-MS/O）对板材释放的VVOC及气味特征化合物进行分析。 结果 两种厚度的3种不同饰面刨花板中，刨花板素板（PB）、三聚氰胺饰面刨花板（MI-PB）、PVC饰面刨花板（PVC-PB）VVOC种类均分别为9种、10种、8种。两种厚度的不同饰面刨花板TVVOC释放浓度均表现为：PB > MI-PB > PVC-PB，18 mm > 8 mm。不同饰面刨花板TVVOC释放浓度大小受厚度影响程度不同，PB受影响最大，MI-PB受影响最小。不同厚度、不同饰面条件下，刨花板各个气味特征化合物释放浓度及气味强度存在差异，且气味强度与释放浓度和气味阈值有关，不同化合物之间不符合“浓度高则气味强度大”的变化规律。饰面刨花板整体气味特征主要由特殊性香味和甜香味决定，辛辣气味作为基本特征气味对整体气味形成起辅助作用。饰面刨花板释放的VVOC主成分是醇、酮；气味强度较高的特征化合物为醇、酮、醚、酯。厚度增大饰面刨花板释放VVOC种类和质量浓度增多，气味特征化合物及气味强度相应增大。 结论 饰面处理在一定程度上可以降低释放物种类和含量，且本试验中PVC作为饰面材料对刨花板VVOC和气味强度的抑制作用优于三聚氰胺浸渍纸饰面。 -
关键词:
- 三聚氰胺饰面刨花板 /
- PVC饰面刨花板 /
- 气相色谱–质谱–嗅闻技术 /
- 极易挥发性有机化合物（VVOC） /
- 气味
Abstract:Objective By analyzing the influence of thickness and decorative materials on very volatile organic compounds (VVOC) and odor intensity of wood-based panels, the released characteristics were explored. Method Melamine-impregnated paper finished particleboard, polyvinyl chloride finished particleboard and particleboard with different thickness were selected as experimental subjects. VVOC and odor characteristic compounds released from these particleboards were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactory. Result In this experiment, the types of VVOC of particleboard (PB), melamine-impregnated paper finished particleboard (MI-PB), and polyvinyl chloride finished particleboard (PVC-PB) were 9, 10 and 8, respectively. The released concentrations of TVVOC were as follows: PB > MI-PB > PVC-PB, 18 mm > 8 mm. TVVOC emission concentration of particleboard with different decorative materials was affected by the thickness to different degrees, with PB being the most affected and MI-PB being the least. Under different thicknesses and different finishes, the released concentration and odor intensity of each odor characteristic compound were different, and the odor intensity was related to the released concentration and odor threshold, different compounds did not conform to the changing rule of “higher concentration leads to higher odor intensity”. The overall odor characteristics of the decorative particleboard were mainly determined by the special fragrance and sweet fragrance, and the pungent odor as the basic characteristic odor plays an auxiliary role in the formation of overall odor. The main components of VVOC released from decorative particleboard were alcohols and ketones. The characteristic compounds with higher odor intensity were alcohols, ketones, ethers and esters. The types and mass concentration of VVOC were increased with the increase of thickness, and the odor characteristic compounds and odor intensity were increased accordingly. Conclusion Decorative treatment can reduce the released species and content to a certain extent, and in this experiment, PVC as a decorative material plays a better inhibiting role on VVOC and odor intensity of particleboard than melamine-impregnated paper. -
图 1 不同厚度、不同饰面刨花板释放的TVVOC质量浓度
Figure 1. Composition and content of TVVOC mass concentration released from particleboards with different thicknesses and decorative treatments
图 2 不同厚度饰面刨花板VVOC释放组分
Figure 2. Composition of VVOC released from decorative particleboards of different thicknesses
图 3 不同厚度饰面刨花板VVOC组分占比
Figure 3. Composition percentage of VVOC in decorative particleboards of different thicknesses
图 4 饰面刨花板气味特征化合物的质量浓度和气味强度
Figure 4. Mass concentration and odor intensity of odor characteristic compounds released from decorative particleboard
图 5 不同厚度和不同饰面刨花板整体气味特征
Figure 5. Overall odor characteristics of particleboards with different thickness and decorative treatment
表 1 气味强度判别标准（日本）
Table 1. Odor intensity criteria (Japan)
气味强度(级) Odor intensity (grade) 0 1 2 3 4 5 表示内容
Representation content无味
Odorless稍有气味
Slight odor可判断气味
Predictable odor易感知气味
Perceptible odor较强气味
Strong odor强烈气味
Intensive odor注：此表引自日本标准第91号法律：恶臭控制法。Note: this table is quoted from Law No. 91: offensive odor control law. 
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表 2 不同厚度、不同饰面刨花板VVOC释放组分及其质量浓度
Table 2. Composition and content of VVOC released from particleboards with different thicknesses and decorative treatments
物质
Substance化学式
Chemical
formula化学结构
Chemical structure毒害性
Toxicity沸点
Boiling
point/℃质量浓度均值 Mean mass concentration/(μg·m−3) 8 mm 18 mm PB MI-PB PVC-PB PB MI-PB PVC-PB 二氯甲烷
DichloromethaneCH2Cl2 
中等毒
Moderate toxicity39.8 6.82 4.62 4.89 21.64 4.62 15.88 乙酸
Acetic acidC2H4O2 
低毒
Low toxicity117.9 10.25 5.50 1.59 31.77 27.51 6.50 乙醇
EthanolC2H5O2 
微毒
Slight toxicity78.0 43.30 50.49 25.64 55.99 75.92 35.48 丙酮
AcetoneC3H6O 
微毒
Slight toxicity56.53 45.45 55.49 30.34 60.05 78.92 36.28 乙酸乙酯
Ethyl acetateC4H8O2 
低毒
Low toxicity77.0 20.17 22.00 22.29 21.93 32.56 26.43 四氢呋喃
TetrahydrofuranC4H8O 
低毒
Low toxicity66.0 17.17 14.34 11.29 24.99 15.73 13.37 1-4-二恶烷
1-4-dioxaneC4H8O2 
微毒
Slight toxicity101.1 7.00 3.13 1.10 20.12 5.00 2.69 正丁醇
1-butanolC4H10O 
低毒
Low toxicity117.7 75.78 57.52 53.12 94.19 74.95 67.69 3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮
3-methyl-2-(5H)-furanoneC5H6O2 
低毒
Low toxicity222.4 12.77 3.95 — 19.73 6.72 — 戊醛
PentanalC5H10O 
低毒
Low toxicity103.0 — 6.88 — — 11.11 — 总计
Total238.69 223.92 150.26 350.41 337.80 204.31 注：PB代表刨花板素板，MI-PB代表三聚氰胺饰面刨花板，PVC-PB 代表PVC 饰面刨花。Notes: PB is particleboard, MI-PB is melamine-impregnated paper finished particleboard, and PVC-PB is polyvinyl chloride finished particleboard.
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